History OF Badminton 2 1 PDF

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HISTORY OF BADMINTON 

Badminton is an ancient game which origin data back at least two thousand years to the game battledore and shuttlecock played in ancient Greece, India, and China. Badminton derived its name from Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the home of the Duke of Beaufort, where the sport was played. Gloucestershire is now the base for the International Badminton Federation founded in 1934 with nine members: Canada, England, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and Whales, and years after membership has risen steadily.

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During the 5th century BC, a game called Ti Jian Zi, or shuttle-kicking, was a favourite past time of the Chinese. This game uses feet in kicking the shuttlecock. Historians remain unclear whether this game has led to battledore and shuttlecock that became known five centuries after. The battledores are today’s racquets.

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In mid-19th century, the game is believed to have originated from a game called Poona that was played by English army officers stationed in India. After learning the game, the Duke of Beaufort introduced it to the Royal Society of his country estate, Badminton House in Gloucestershire, England. Several years after, badminton clubs were formed, and new versions of the game came out that laid the basis for today’s rules of the game.

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In the Philippines, it was in 1920 when British and American expatriates introduced badminton in the country. In the early 1950’s, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) recognized the Philippines as its 21st member country. In 1952, the Philippine Badminton Association (PBA) was created.

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In 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF) was founded with a membership of nine (9) countries only. Badminton gained Olympic acceptance as a demonstration sport in 1972 at Munich games. In 1988, it returned as an exhibitions sport in Seoul, Korea, and finally attained its full membership in 1992 at Barcelona. From then on, soaring names in this sport become countless.

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The first major IBF tournament was the Thomas Cup (World men’s team championship) in 1948, beyond this date; the number of world events has increased as many individuals become interested in the sport. In 1981, the World Cup was established to provide top players an opportunity to earn millions as prize money.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 

Racket  Badminton rackets should be made from a light material such as wood, aluminium, metal, or synthetic materials such as carbon or graphite. Synthetics rackets are the most popular among all rackets because of extreme lightness and strength..  The main rackets parts are called the handle, the stringed area, the head, the shaft, the throat and the frame. The handle is also considered grip, the stringed area is the part of the racket that hits the shuttlecock, the head confines the stringed area, the shaft connects the handle to the head, the throat connects the shaft to the head, and the frame is the whole rackets.

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Shuttlecock 

The official shuttlecock is also called the bird, is made from goose feathers that are bounded in a cork head. The shuttlecock can also be made from synthetic materials and shall have sixteen (16) feathers fixed in the base. The length of the shuttlecock can be between 62 mm and 70 mm and shall weigh 4.74 and 5.50 grams.

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Feather shuttlecock are expensive and can be damaged easily, but they are officially used in high-level tournaments. Instead a feather shuttle plastic or nylon, shuttlecock can also be used.

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Badminton Court 

The official badminton court is 44 ft. long. The court for doubles is 20 ft. wide, while singles court is 17 ft. wide. The net stands five ft. at the center and five ft. 1 inch at the post. The court shall be a rectangle and layout with lines 40 mm wide. The lines shall be easily distinguished and preferably be colored yellow or white.

GAME RULES/SCORING 

Players 1. Singles – one player on a side. 2. Doubles – two players on a side.

3. Mixed Doubles – one male and one female partner opposing a male and female opponent. 

START OF PLAY 1. Before starting the game, the opponents toss a coin with the winner choosing: (a) to serve first/to receive first, or (b) the side/court. 2. In subsequent games, the winning side serves first.

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Scoring 1. Rally scoring allows for a point to be won by either team regardless of which team is serving. 2. Both singles and doubles games are won with 21 points. 3. The side winning a rally adds a point to their score. 4. At 20 all, the side that gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game. 5. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins that game. 6. The side winning a game serves first in the next game. 7. In the third game of singles and doubles, players change sides when a side scores 11 points. 8. A match is won by winning two out of three games.

GENERAL RULES/REGULATIONS 1. Serving a. The server must keep both feet in contact with the floor at the time of the serve. b. The bird must be contacted below the waist. c. The racket head must be below the server’s wrist. d. The server should not serve until the receiver is ready; the opponent is deemed ready if a return is attempted.

e. Partners of the server and receiver may stand anywhere on the court providing they do not obstruct the opponent’s view. f. A bird that touches the net on the serve and goes into the proper service court is legal. g. If the server misses the bird on the serve attempt, it still counts. In singles and doubles the serve would go to the opponent. 2. Serving Order – Singles a. At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the serve will begin from the right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the serve will be from the left service court. b. If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and will then serve again from the alternate service court. c. If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They serve from the appropriate service court – left if the score is odd and right if it is even. 3. Serving Order - Doubles a. A team will only have one player serve, per “service”. b. At the beginning of the game and when the score is even (0, 2, 4, 6, etc.) the server serves from the right service court. When it is odd (1, 3, 5, 7, etc.) the server serves from the left service court. c. If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves again from the alternate service court. d. If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side becomes the new serving side. e. The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when their side is serving. 4. The winners of the first game serve first in the next game. 5. Birds falling on the lines are considered good.

6. During a rally, a bird that touches the net and goes over is in play. 7. 7. A fault (violation of rules) occurs if: a. On the service, any part of the racket head is higher than the server’s wrist and contact is made above the waist. b. The service fails to cross the net or go into the proper service court. c. The feet of the server and receiver are not in the proper courts at time of service. d. The server hesitates or stops (feint/balk) the service motion or misses the bird. e. The improper receiver returns the bird on the serve. f. A bird hit into the net, under the net, against the wall or ceiling is out-of-bounds. g. A player hits the bird before it crosses the net. h. The bird touches a player or clothing. i. The player touches the net while the bird is in play. j. The bird is hit twice in succession by one/both partners. k. The bird is held, caught, or carried on the racket when struck. l. A player obstructs an opponent. 8. Let (a play allowed to be replayed) a. The bird becomes caught in or on the net after passing over the net. b. The bird hits the basketball supports or net. c. The following situations occur before the next serve and if the offending side wins the rally: 1. The correct server serves from the wrong court. 2. The wrong server serves from either the correct/incorrect service court. 3. The correct receiver receives in the wrong court.

SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES 

Core competencies are the baseline in every player to master the sports they love the most. The fundamental skills coupled with techniques and strategies will help badminton players achieve the full realization of their dreams.

THE GRIP 

Forehand. This grip is used for all strokes taken on the right-hand side of the body. It looks like shaking hands with grip; the racket is held by the left hand on the shaft with the face of the racket perpendicular to the floor. The V of the thumb and forefinger is very pronounced and is on the top plate of the handle. The racket is grasped by fingers, with the butt held by the little finger. The handle should be grasped lightly, with fingers spread slightly. Proper thumb placement is necessary for stroking proficiently. When not in the act of striking the shuttle, the grip should be relaxed and fairly loose. When striking a shuttle, the grip should be tightened, enough to control the movement of the racket. The tighter the grip, the harder the shot.

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Backhand. The backhand grip is used for all strikes on the left side of the body. With the racket face perpendicular to the floor, the right hand is placed on the handle, with the first knuckle of the forefinger on the top plate. The thumb is extended along the back plate of the handle, at a light diagonal across it. The little grasps the butt of the racket, and the V of the thumb and forefinger is more closed.

FOOTWORK AND STANCE 

Correct footwork is necessary for badminton. A well-played badminton game requires the players to cover the entire court and to make challenging moves in going to different directions. Good footwork patterns must be made habitually, for there is no time to think how and what to move while on the actual game.

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For shots close to the net, always lunge with a racket-side foot forward reaching toward the shuttle at the moment of contact. For lateral shots, put more force on the foot that is farthest away from the shuttle and lunge on the other foot.

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For shots hitting the backcourt, use backward steps or stride to hit the shuttle timely. It is important to turn the body sideways to the net when hitting the shuttle, with the non-

racket shoulder facing the net. This position allows full rotation of the upper body and hips in generating power. THE STROKES I.

Serves. Two basic types of serves can be used to put the shuttle into play at the beginning of each rally: long serve and the short serve. The long serve is commonly used in singles play while the short serve is primarily for doubles. The execution of the serve lies on the movement of the wrist at the time of impact, and the force applied to the shuttlecock. The stance and areas for service in both singles and doubles are the same.

II.

Clear. Clears are defensive strokes that give time to the player to regroup and return to its ready position. a. Overhead Clear. Overhead clears usually happen from a backcourt position. This stroke is the most frequently used technique in the singles game and also is a basic stroke in women’s double. The fast low clear is an offensive tactic used to put the bird just over the head of the opponent. The long, high clear is also a defensive tactic sending the bird to the baseline in high height. b. Forehand Underhand Clear. When the opponent hits a drop shot or shot close to the net, a common reaction is to lift the shuttle and go on the defensive. As the shuttle is dropping toward your forecourt area, from the ready position take a short step with your non-racket leg and a huge lunge step of the racket leg toward the shuttle. c. Backhand Underhand Clear. Backhand grip is used. When the shuttle drops towards the backhand side and in the forecourt area, take a short step using the non-racket leg and then a huge lunge step using the racket leg to contact with the shuttle. The follow-through is in the direction the player intends to bring the shuttle.

III.

Smashes. Smash is the principal offensive stroke in badminton. It is considered a powerful stroke that is used for hitting the shuttle to land on the opponent’s side concluding for a point. The shuttle travels with great speed in a downward directions, just clearing the net.

IV.

Drop Shots. Drop shot has two types: overhead and underhand drop shots. a. Overhead Drop. The shot is usually taken from the backcourt area. This shot misleads the opponent if the player is going to clear or smash the shuttle, and suddenly a soft stroke is executed that gently drops the shuttle over the net. The body position follows that of the overhead clear. b. Underhand Drop. This type of drop is also known as a net drop. Underhand drops are executed at the net. They are commonly used in returning drop shots that cannot be hit by an overhead stroke, and also forcing the opponent to lift the shuttle.

V.

Drive Shot. Drives are fast and furious badminton shots exchanged horizontally across the net. One of the main reasons to hit the drive is to increase the pace of the game. Use this only when you’re comfortable with the pace of the rally.

VI.

Lifting Shot. The net kill is a useful skill to end a rally when if your opponent executes a poor quality net shot (net shot that is too high).

VII.

Net Shot. Badminton shots along the net (known as “net shots”) are used to create opportunities and dominate the front of the court. It is a very important skill to help you win badminton rallies. A good net shot can force your opponent to perform a high lift/clear, so that you can play a winning smash.

PLAYING STRATEGY 

No standard strategy is set or presented to win the game easily. Many players excel and win matches simply because they have sound fundamentals, efficient strokes, effective techniques and strategies during the game.

BASIC STRATEGY 1. Force the opponent to move in any unpredictable directions as possible to return a shot in your advantage. 2. Whenever you get a chance, use attacking strokes to end the rally. 3. Always return to the ready position and “home base” after every shot. 4. Find opponent’s weakest side and play with it.

5. When in doubt of what stroke to give, hit the shuttle high, deep clear and hope for a high return. 6. In doing long serve (high and deep), direct the service to the centreline to cut down the angle of return. Usually, this serve is done in the singles game. 7. In doing short serve (low and short), target the serve to the T area (near corner) most of the time, this serves forces the opponents to lift the shuttle and put them in a defensive situation directly off the serve. This type of serve is commonly used in doubles play. TERMINOLOGY  Alley – an extension of the court usually measures 1 ½ feet on each side of the court used for doubles play.  Back alley – the area between the back boundary line and the long service line for doubles.  Backcourt – back third of the court, in the area of the area of the back lines.  Baseline – the back boundary line of the court.  Bird – another name for shuttlecock.  Centerline – the line that separates the service courts.  Clear – a high shot that land close to the baseline.  Drop – a shot that falls close to the net.  Fault – any violation committed.  Forecourt – the front area of the court, between the net and the short service line.  Love – a score of zero.  Net shot – a shot was taken near the net.  Overhead – a motion used to hit or strike.  T – intersection of the centreline and the short service line. Read:

Unit 2 (Chapter 2) – Badminton: Physical Education and Health Book 2 by Jun C. Alave (page 43 – 60) https://www.lths.net/cms/lib/IL01904810/Centricity/domain/165/units/Badminton.pdf Watch: 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cnbHARo8nI (Proper Racket Grip in Badminton)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAbi4IdN3ZI (Faults in playing Badminton)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIevvpYwIvc (How to do Different Serves-Badminton Tips)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_2piF9P-ULI

(Badminton:

Basic

Footwork

for

Badminton Beginners) 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF8G--iZN4U (Badminton Beginners – Introduction of Basic Shots in Badminton)...