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Maahi Chauhan July 02, 2020. UNDERSTANDING DEPRESSION Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech my audience will have an understanding of the Thesis Statement/Central Idea: (remember: not stated in speech!) There are many causes and you can seek treatment in a lot of different Depression- it is not the END.

INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: I am fine! What does this really mean? people who are fighting depression watch the world go on, and I continue to go through the motions and plaster a smile on my face, but deep down, I’m hurting so much. Good afternoon Ms Paiz and my classmates, Today I will talk about depression. I will talk about the background, the causes of this disease, the symptoms and finally the treatment & prevention. Depression is a common condition that affects millions of people every year. And yet, the nonreported sufferers of depression cannot be estimated. Depression has an impact on most aspects of everyday life. It affects eating and sleeping routines, self-esteem, and perspective on life. In addition, depression affects the people who love and care about the person who is depressed. There are several available treatment options for depression. It is important to seek help for people who have depressive conditions. The consequences of not getting help can be troubling. Serious depression can destroy family’s lives as well as the person affected. A lot of people, who are depressed, do not seek help or treatment.

Preview: This reference summary will help you to understand depression and guide you toward helping yourself or someone you love who may be suffering from depression. Depression, Feeling blue or sad is a normal reaction to stressful or sad situations in life. Transition: As we have established the background, let’s first discuss causes.

BODY I.

Causes

1.

Depression is often caused by a stressful life event, illnesses, certain drugs or medications.

2.

Subpoint- Depression can be caused by a serios loss, relationship problems, work stress, family crisis, financial problems, post- traumatic stress disorder, or any unwelcome life change.

Transition: Next, let’s talk about the signs or symptoms of depression.

II.

Symptoms

Depression is more than just the normal, temporary feeling of sadness and hopelessness. 1.

Depressive mood that is not enjoying or being able to get through with the daily responsibilities and activities of life. Restlessness, irritability, substantial changes in eating habits, like extreme weight gain or weight loss. Sleeplessness or sleeping too much! So much so it’s hard to get out of bed.

2.

Problems concentrating and/or poor memory: A person lacks the ability to focus on projects, reading, even listening to others. Slow thoughts and speech (person thinks and speaks slower than what is normal for them), difficulty processing what you hear or see, even delayed responses. Having trouble making decisions.

Some people feel down for a period of time and others feelings come and go. 1.

Sub-subpoint- Putting on a face, hiding the true feelings thinking it would cause embarrassment. Bursts of anger spilling out on loved ones, or being overly emotional.

2.

Sub-subpoint- Getting away from social life, secluding from family, staying alone, that need for crying even without reason.

Overwhelming feeling of guilt and hopelessness. Fighting a battle with yourself every morning, trying to look for a reason to get out of bed. Transition: Even though it’s hard to see but there is light at the end of the tunnel, let’s talk about what can one do to help themselves and others who are suffering. III.

Treatment- What can I do to help myself (Treatment available) 1.

Admitting! Yes- admit to yourself without shame that you are suffering from depression and seek help!

2.

Therapy and medication

a. Therapy- If there is no underlying medical cause for your symptoms of depression, talk therapy can be an extremely effective treatment. What you learn in therapy gives you skills and insight to feel better and help prevent depression from coming back. There are many types of therapy available. Three of the more common methods used in depression treatment include cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and psychodynamic therapy. Often, a blended approach is used. Some types of therapy teach you practical techniques on how to reframe negative thinking and employ behavioral skills in combating depression. Therapy can also help you work through the root of your depression, helping you understand why you feel a certain way, what your triggers are for depression, and what you can do to stay healthy.

b. Medication- Depression medication may be the most advertised treatment for depression, but that doesn’t mean it is the most effective. Depression is not just about a chemical imbalance in the brain. Medication may help relieve some of the symptoms of moderate and severe depression, but it doesn’t cure the underlying problem, and it’s usually not a long-term solution. Antidepressant medications also come with side effects and safety concerns, and withdrawal can be very difficult. If you’re considering whether antidepressant medication is right for you, learning all the facts can help you make an informed decision. Even if you decide to take medication for depression, don’t ignore other treatments. Lifestyle changes and therapy not only help speed recovery from depression, but also provide skills to help prevent a recurrence.

3.

Subpoint- non- traditional approach or Alternative and complementary treatments for depression a. Mindfulness Meditation- Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment—and accepting it without judgment. Mindfulness is now being examined scientifically and has been found to be a key element in stress reduction and overall happiness.

b. Exercise. Regular exercise can be as effective at treating depression as medication . Not only does exercise boost serotonin, endorphins, and other feel-good brain chemicals, it triggers the growth of new brain cells and connections, just like antidepressants do Sub- Subpoint- Social support Strong social networks reduce isolation, a key risk factor for depression. Keep in regular contact with friends and family, or consider joining a support group.

CONCLUSION Summary: (Example: So today we have discussed…) Depression is one of the most common conditions, but is often unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated. Depression has a high rate of morbidity and mortality when left untreated. Most people suffering from depression do not complain of feeling depressed, but rather anhedonia or vague unexplained symptoms. People, who live with depression, and their family and friends, have enormous challenges to overcome. Depression is a constant feeling of dejection and loss, which stops you doing your normal activi ties. Different types of depression exist, with symptoms ranging from relatively minor (but disabling ) to very severe. Generally, depression does not result from a single event, but from a mix of events and factors

Ignore the social stigma around it and get help. This condition is nothing to be ashamed of! Just take one day at a time.

References

Elkin I, Shea MT, Watkins JT, et al. National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: General Effectiveness of Treatments. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46(11):971–982. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110013002 Harris MG, Kazdin AE, Chiu WT, et al. Findings From World Mental Health Surveys of the Perceived Helpfulness of Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online May 20, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1107 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2766445? widget=personalizedcontent&previousarticle=0

Kessler, RC, et al. Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):593602. http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=208678 National Institute of Mental Health. (Data from 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.) www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/major-depression-amongadults.shtml DEPRESSION FACT SHEET from Mental Health America (http://www.nmha.org/) and the National Institute of Mental Health (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml)

LastName, F. M. & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of online article: This is a subtitle. Title of Online Source. Retrieved from http://www.thisisawebsite.com/IncludeTheURL

References LastName, F. M. (Year). Title of the article: This is a subtitle. Title of the Publication, Issue Number, Page Range. LastName, F. M. (Year). Title of a book. City of Publication, State: Publisher Name. LastName, F. M. & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of online article: This is a subtitle. Title of Online Source. Retrieved from http://www.thisisawebsite.com/IncludeTheURL

The above guidelines demonstrate how to cite an Academic Journal Article, a Book, and a Website. For more information on how to cite your sources in APA format, please visit https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/ Please note: You should replace all the information above with the information from your source. For example, if your article was written by John A. Smith, you should replace “LastName, F. M.” with “Smith, J. A.”

Symptoms of Depression:  Some of the most common symptoms of depression include:  Feeling Sad  Reduced interest in social activities

 You feel worthless without reasons.  Lack of concentration to make any decisions.  Getting week and loss of energy  Sleeplessness  Suicidal Tendencies  Feeling overly emotional  Weight Loss or weight gain  Over thinking

DEPRESSION FACT SHEET from Mental Health America (http://www.nmha.org/) and the National Institute of Mental Health (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/index.shtml)

American Psychiatric Association American Psychological Association Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance Mental Health America National Alliance on Mental Illness National Institute of Mental Health

DEPRESSION IN COLLEGE Sometimes the multitude of life’s changes that occur during your college years can trigger serious depression. At this vulnerable time, the smartest thing you can do for yourself is to seek help. If your feelings of constant stress and sadness go on for weeks or months, you may be experiencing more than just difficulty adjusting to life’s changes. Seek assistance from a doctor or mental health professional, the university counseling service, or the student health center. While in treatment, there are a number of steps you can

take to help you cope on your way to recovery.  Carefully plan your day. Make time every day to prioritize your work. Prioritizing can give you a sense of control over what you must do and a sense that you can do it.  Plan your work and sleep schedules. Too many students defer doing important class work until nighttime, work through much of the night, and start every day feeling exhausted. Constant fatigue can be a critical trigger for depression. Seven or eight hours of sleep a night is imp ortant to your well being.  Participate in an extracurricular activity. Sports, theater, fraternities and sororities, the student newspaper – whatever interests you – can bring opportunities to meet people interested in the same things you are, and t hese activities provide welcome change from class work.  Seek support from other people. This may be a roommate or a friend from class. Friendships can help make a strange place feel more friendly and comfortable. Sharing your emotions reduces isol ation and helps you realize that you are not alone.  Try relaxation methods. These include meditation, deep breathing, warm baths, long walks, exercise – whatever you enjoy that lessens your feelings of stress and discomfort.  Take time for your self every day. Make special time for yourself – even if it’s only for 15 minutes a day. Focusing on yourself can be energizing and gives you a feeling of purpose and control over your life.

 Work towards recovery. The most important step in combat ing depression and reclaiming your college experience is to seek treatment. Your physician should communicate to you that remission of symptoms should be your goal and work with you to determine whether psychological counseling, medication or a combinatio n of both treatments is needed. TAKE A DEPRESSION SCREENING Whether for heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, or depression health screenings provide a quick and easy way to spot the first signs of serious illness and can reach people who might not otherwise seek professional medical advice. Clinical depression is a common medical illness affecting more than 19 million American Adults each year. Like screenings for other illnesses, depression screenings should be a routine part of healthcare. WH Y SCREEN FOR DEPRESSION?  Clinical depression is a serious medical illness.  Clinical depression can lead to suicide.  Sometimes people with depression mistakenly believe that the symptoms of depression are a "normal part of life."  Clinical depression affects men and women of all ages, races and socioeconomic groups.  One in four women and one in ten men will experience depression at some point during their lifetime.  Two thirds of those suffering from the illness do not se ek the necessary treatment.  Depression can co occur and complicate other medical conditions.  More than 80% of all cases of clinical depression can be effectively treated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of both.  Screenings are often the first step in getting help.  One of the quickest and easiest ways to determine whether you have symptoms of depression is by taking a free, confidential depression

screening test One o f the quickest and easiest ways to determine whether you have symptoms of depression is by taking a free, confidential depression screening test like this one: http://www.depressionsc reening.org/depression_screen.cfm . MYTHS AND FACTS ABOUT DEPRESSION Although depression affects 10 percent of Americans, there are still a number of misconceptions that exist. Here are some common myths about depression and the real facts. 1. Myth: Dep ression doesn’t affect me. Fact: According to a 2004 survey by the American College Health Association, nearly half of all college students report feeling so depressed at some point in time that they have trouble functioning, and 15 percent meet the criter ia for clinical depression. This means that someone in your life that you care about (or maybe yourself) could face depression at some point in college or in adulthood. 2. Myth: Depression is not a real medical problem. Fact: Depression is a real and seri ous condition. It is no different than diabetes or heart disease in its ability to impact someone’s life. It can have both emotional and physical symptoms and make life very difficult for those who have it. The medical community has acknowledged the seriou sness of depression and recognizes it as a disease. While no one is completely certain what causes depression, we know that genetic and biological factors play a significant role in development of this disease. 3. Myth: Depression is something that strong people can “snap out of” by thinking positively. Fact: No one chooses to be depressed, just like no one chooses to have any other health condition. People with depression cannot just “snap out of” their depression any more than someone with diabetes can. It is not a sign of weakness or laziness to be depressed; it is a health problem resulting from changes in brain structure or function due to environmental and biological factors. 4. Myth: Depression only happens when something bad happens in your life, s uch as a breakup, the death of a loved one, or failing an exam. Fact: Depression is more than just having occasional sad thoughts. While everyone experiences ups and downs in life, and often will feel sad for some time after a serious loss or disappointmen t, developing depression does not require a specific negative event. Prolonged periods of hopelessness,

sadness, and lack of interest in things someone usually enjoys are symptoms of depression. Depression can arise suddenly, even when things in life seem to be going well. 5. Myth: Depression will just go away on its own. Fact: While for some people, depression may go away without treatment, this is not usually the case. Without treatment, symptoms of depression can continue for weeks, months or even years . Depression can lead to suicide, the third leading cause of death for 18 to 24 year olds, reinforcing the importance of seeking treatment. The good news is that most people do get better with treatment. 6. Myth: Antidepressants will change your personali ty. Fact: The thought of taking medicine that changes your brain chemistry can be scary. However, antidepressants are designed to change only certain chemicals that underlie the symptoms of depression, not to change your personality. Most people who take antidepressants are actually happy to feel like themselves again, rather than feeling like a different person. It is best to speak with your doctor about the effects that antidepressants can have. 7. Myth: Talking about depression only makes it worse. Fac t: While it is easy to understand why someone might be worried about discussing their depression, being alone with your thoughts is even more harmful when facing this disorder. A lot of people with mental health problems are stigmatized in our society, so the best thing you can do to help a friend is be a good, supportive, and non judgmental listener if they choose to talk with you. If you are hesitant to discuss difficulties you might be facing with a close family member or friend, think about other people in your life, like spiritual leaders or faculty members who would be willing to discuss your struggles. If at any point, you feel so overwhelmed by feelings of sadness and hopelessness that you are considering hurting yourself, call 1 800 273 TALK for help. FACT: Depression is a serious illness, but most people get better with help. To find out more about

depression and where to get help, contact your local Mental Health America affiliate or call Mental Health America at 800 969 6642 . ADDITIONAL RESOURCES Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) Phone: (800) 826 3632 http://www.dbsalliance.org/ National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Phone: (866) 615 6464 http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ American Psychiatric Association (APA) Phone: (703) 907 7300 http://healthyminds.org/cmhdepression.cfm Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Phone: (800) 789 2647 http://www.samhsa.gov/ http://whatadifference.org/index.html National In stitute of Mental Health (NIMH) http://www.nimh.nih.gov /...