Ingesta Diaria Recomendada Ensayo PDF

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IDR dietary reccomend ingestion Ingesta diaria recomendada impoprtancia datos conceptos...

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RDI: the levels of intake of essential nutrients considered, in the judgement of the NHMRC, on the basis of available scientific knowledge, to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of practically all healthy people…they incorporate generous factors to accommodate variations in absorption and metabolism. They therefore apply to group needs. RDIs exceed the actual nutrient requirements of practically all healthy persons and are not synonymous with requirements Among them were the significant gains made in scientific knowledge regarding the link between diet, health, and chronic disease, and the emergence of advanced technologies that could measure small changes in individual adaptations to various nutrient intakes. In 1994, in response to these and other important considerations, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies’ Institute of Medicine, with support from the U.S. and Canadian governments and others, embarked on an initiative to develop a new, broader set of Dietary reference values, known as the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The DRIs expand upon and replace the RDAs and RNIs with four categories of values intended to help individuals optimize their health, prevent disease, and avoid consuming too much of a nutrient. the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), the Adequate Intake (AI), the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), as well as the new Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs). In 1941, the National Research Council issued its first set of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins, minerals, protein, and energy. Developed initially by the forerunner of the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, the recommendations were intended to serve as a guide for good nutrition and as a “yardstick” by which to measure progress toward that goal. The 1983 revision was renamed Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) for Canadians. Both RDA and RNI values have been widely used for planning diets, assessing the adequacy of diets in individuals and populations, providing nutrition education and guidance, and as a standard for nutrition labeling and fortification. Developed for vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, and energy, these reference values replace and expand upon the previous nutrient reference values for the United States and Canada. New to the nutrition world, the DRIs represent a significant paradigm shift in the way dietary reference values are established and used by practitioners, educators, and researchers. New to the nutrition world, the DRIs represent a significant paradigm shift in the way dietary reference values are established and used by practitioners, educators, and researchers. Unlike the RDAs and RNIs (prior to 1990), which focused primarily on reducing the incidence of diseases of deficiency, the DRI values are also intended to help individuals optimize their health, prevent disease, and avoid consuming too much of a nutrient. But because previous RDAs and RNIs were the only values available to health professionals, they were also used to assess and plan the diets of individuals and to make judgments about excess intakes for both individuals and groups. However,

they were not ideally suited for these purposes. To prevent further misapplication, the expansion to the DRI framework included methodologies for appropriate uses of the nutrient values with individuals and groups. Most nutrients have a set of DRIs. Often, a nutrient has an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) from which the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is mathematically derived. When an EAR for a nutrient cannot be determined (thus precluding the setting of an RDA), then an Adequate Intake (AI) is often developed. Many nutrients also have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Estimated Average Requirement. : The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the nutrient needs of half of the healthy individuals in a life stage or gender group. Although the term “average” is used, the EAR actually represents an estimated median requirement. As such, the EAR exceeds the needs of half of the group and falls short of the needs of the other half. The EAR is the primary reference point for assessing the adequacy of estimated nutrient intakes of groups and is a tool for planning intakes for groups. It is also the basis for calculating the RDA. the levels of intake of essential nutrients considered, in the judgement of the NHMRC, on the basis of available scientific knowledge, to be adequate to meet the known nutritional needs of practically all healthy people…they incorporate generous factors to accommodate variations in absorption and metabolism. They therefore apply to group needs. RDIs exceed the actual nutrient requirements of practically all healthy persons and are not synonymous with requirements

Recommended Dietary Allowance::: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is an estimate of the daily average dietary intake that meets the nutrient needs of nearly all (97–98 percent) healthy members of a particular life stage and gender group. The RDA thus exceeds the requirements of nearly all members of the group. It can be used as a guide for daily intake by individuals, and because it falls above the requirements of most people, intakes below the RDA cannot be assessed as being inadequate. Usual intake at the RDA should have a low probability of inadequacy. The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98 per cent) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Adequate Intake.-- If sufficient or adequate scientific evidence is not available to establish an EAR and thus an RDA, an AI is usually derived for the nutrient instead. The setting of an AI usually indicates that more research is needed to determine, with some degree of confidence, the mean and distribution of requirements for that specific nutrient. The AI is a recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people who are assumed to be maintaining an adequate nutritional state. The average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally-

determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level:::: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for nearly all people in a particular group. The UL is not a recommended level of intake, but rather the highest intake level that can be tolerated without the possibility of causing ill effects. The highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases. EER (Estimated Energy Requirement)

The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height and level of physical activity, consistent with good health. In children and pregnant and lactating women, the EER is taken to include the needs associated with the deposition of tissues or the secretion of milk at rates consistent with good health.

PARAMETERS USED IN DEVELOPING DRIS The DRIs presented in this publication apply to the healthy general population. They also indicate the extent to which intake adjustments might be made for individuals or population groups that significantly deviate from typical heights and weights. Applicable Populations An important principle underlying the DRIs is that they are standards for apparently healthy people and are not meant to be applied to those with acute or chronic disease or for the repletion of nutrient levels in previously deficient individuals. Life Stage Groups. Where data were available, DRIs were divided into 12 life stage groups and also by gender. The life stage groups were chosen by considering variations in the requirements of all of the nutrients under review. If data were too limited to distinguish different nutrient requirements by life stage or gender groups, the analysis was then presented for a larger grouping. Infancia, TODDLERS: AGES 1 THROUGH 3 YEARS, EARLY CHILDHOOD: AGES 4 THROUGH 8 YEARS, PUBERTY/ADOLESCENCE: AGES 9 THROUGH 13 YEARS, AND 14 THROUGH 18 YEARS, YOUNG ADULTHOOD AND MIDDLE AGE: AGES 19 THROUGH 30 YEARS, AND 31 THROUGH 50 YEARS, ADULTHOOD AND OLDER ADULTS: AGES 51 THROUGH 70 YEARS, AND OVER 70 YEARS, PREGNANCY AND LACTATION....