Intro Psych I Full Practice Exam 100 questions PDF

Preview

Summary

Introduction to Psychology I Full Practice Exam Try to complete this exam under the same conditions and time constrains that will experience in the actual exam condition. The answers will not be supplied – if you do not know the answer to a question, revisit the lecture slides, readings and/or tutor...

Description

Introduction to Psychology I Full Practice Exam Try to complete this exam under the same conditions and time constrains that will experience in the actual exam condition. The answers will not be supplied – if you do not know the answer to a question, revisit the lecture slides, readings and/or tutorial content. The number of questions for each topic may not be the same in the official final exam. 1. The school of thought __________ explains psychological processes in terms of the role or function they serve whereas __________ focuses on uncovering the basic elements of consciousness a. b. c. d. e.

Functionalism; Introspection Functionalism; Structuralism Observation; Structuralism Observation; Introspection Free will; determinism

2. Behaviourists argued that: a. Behaviour must be considered in the context of motives and goals b. Behaviour can be understood entirely without reference to thoughts and feelings c. The science of psychology must emphasise the role of psychological processes in helping individuals adapt to their environment d. Researchers should apply direct observational methods when studying the structure of consciousness e. People have unconscious tensions which influence their behaviour 3. Empiricism is a. b. c. d. e.

Knowledge by reason Knowledge as a product of inborn faculties and environmental input Knowledge gained through sensory experience Determined by nature All of the above

4. Dualism, as proposed by Descartes states that: a. b. c. d. e.

The mind is subjective while the body is objective The mind is objective while the body is subjective You cannot have body without mind It is impossible to study the processes of the body Body and mind are one

5. Which is NOT true of the behaviourist perspective? a. Emphasizes the objective, observable verification of research findings b. States that all behaviour consists of learned responses to particular stimuli c. Can be applied to help people eliminate unreasonable fears and phobias d. Proponents are B.F. Skinner and John Franklin e. Can be applied to help people learn new skills, particularly in education

6. Will is studying photography. He is not doing it to get the diploma that comes at the end of the program. Rather, his primary purpose is to become a better photographer. His goal would be described as a a. Performance goal (motives to achieve at a particular level e.g. HD) b. Mastery goal (motives to increase competence, mastery or skill) c. Performance-approach goal (goal is to get better grade, to do well in class) d. Performance –avoidance goal (goal is to avoid doing poorly) e. Mastery-avoidance goal (no such thing)

7. Self-determination theory suggests that people have three innate needs which need to be fulfilled for intrinsic motivation to flourish a. b. c. d. e.

Existence, belongingness, goals Physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness needs Attachment, sex, aggression Competence, autonomy, relatedness to others Competence, belongingness, relatedness to others

8. Self-actualisation needs differ from other needs in Maslow’s hierarchy in that they are a. b. c. d. e.

Deficiency needs Growth needs Belongingness needs Esteem needs Physiological needs

9. John strongly values achieving good grades. He believes such an outcome is attainable thus prepares for the upcoming exam by studying. Which theory best explains his motivation? a. Concept of drive theory (unfulfilled needs lead to arousal state that motivates behaviour) b. Expectancy-value theory (motivation as a combo of value on outcome + perceived attainability) c. Goal setting theory (states conscious goals regulate our behaviour) d. Self-determination theory (innate needs needed for intrinsic motivation) e. None of the above

10. Osmometric thirst results from deficiency in __________ whilst volumetric thirst results from deficiency in __________. a. b. c. d. e.

Extracellular fluid; intracellular fluid Glucose; lipids. Osmometric fluid; volumetric fluid Intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid Water; oxygen (just a random out there one!)

11. According to the Glucostatic Hypothesis, hunger occurs because of: a. b. c. d. e.

A shortage of glucose in the bloodstream Stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus Stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus Severing of the ventromedial hypothalamus Severing of the lateral hypothalamus

12. According to which theory are people motivated based on the value they place on a future outcome and the belief that such an outcome is attainable? a. b. c. d. e.

Psychodynamic Theory Drive Reduction Theory Expectancy Value Theory Self-Determination Theory Goal Setting Theory

13. Which of the following is NOT a means of thirst inhibition? a. b. c. d. e.

Extracellular hydration Extracellular hydration Water passing through the mouth Water passing through the intestines Bitter taste

14. Which of the following statements is not true? a. b. c. d. e.

Humans can live without secondary drives Human can live without Primary Drives Satisfying a drive is usually an imperative A humans’ optimal state is homeostasis None of the able

15. Drive reduction theory posits that: (select all the correct answers) a. b. c. d. e.

Homeostasis is an uncomfortable state for humans Primary drives are easier to satisfy than secondary drives Biological drives are more important than any other drive Drives create an internal state of tension Reducing tension increases drives

16. Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, order the following needs from most important at the BOTTOM of the list to least important (at the TOP of the list) a. b. c. d. e.

Friendship Acceptance Good health Individuality Clothing

17. Mohammed’s goal is to achieve a Distinction in PSYC104 by studying really hard and reducing their work hours. Mohammed is unlikely to obtain their goal because (select all that apply): a. b. c. d. e.

The goal is not measurable The goal is outcome driven No specific behaviour/s have been set The goal is not time-limited None of the above

18. If Theresa doesn’t think she has studied hard enough throughout the day, she drinks a Red Bull late at night to keep her awake. Theresa does not use the extra time awake to study; rather she knows that in order to get a good sleep the next night she will have to study harder, or else drink another Red Bull. This is an example of: a. b. c. d. e.

Habituation Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative punishment

21. Timmy is an aggressive 3-year old. Every time he and his mum are in the kitchen, he hits his mum and then feels sad. Recently Timmy has started feeling sad every time he enters the kitchen. This is an example of: a. b. c. d. e.

Classical Conditioning Opponent Process Theory Operant Conditioning Social Learning Vicarious Conditioning

22. When a conditioned stimulus (CS) no longer predicts the onset on an unconditioned stimulus occurs. However, if the conditioned stimulus is not presented for a period of time the conditioned response will again occur in response to the CS. This is called: a. b. c. d. e.

Inhibition; Sensitization Generalisation; Spontaneous Recovery Punishment; Reinforcement Extinction; Acquisition Extinction; Spontaneous Recovery

23. When Peter doesn’t eat McDonalds for lunch he feels grumpy and tired. When Peter does eat McDonalds for lunch it makes him feel normal again. This is an example of: a. b. c. d. e.

Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement Positive Punishment Negative Punishment Vicarious Conditioning

24. Shaping refers to: a. b. c. d. e.

A contingent relationship between a behaviour and an outcome Imitation of a model that is similar to oneself Learning of complex behaviours through successive approximations Increasing the magnitude of reinforcement to teach complex behaviours The use of secondary reinforcers that are paired with primary reinforcers

25. In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response. a. b. c. d. e.

Intermittent Partial Negative Continuous Positive

26. In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation was the a. b. c. d. e.

conditioned response. unconditioned stimulus. conditioned stimulus. unconditioned response. All of the above.

27. The presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of a. b. c. d. e.

negative reinforcement. punishment. positive reinforcement. secondary reinforcement. Negative stimuli

28. In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a a. stimulus automatically produces a response without a prior history of experience. b. stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response. c. spontaneously emitted response increases in frequency as a result of its consequences. d. subject repeats an action they have observed in another and is praised for it. e. subject suppresses an action they observed in another and is praised for it.

29. a. b. c. d. e.

30.

a. b. c. d. e.

31.

a. b. c. d. e.

In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning occur after the response. occur before the response. occur simultaneously with the response. are unrelated to the response except during extinction. can occur at any stage during the learning

If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a(n) US. CS. UR. CR. CC

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behaviour are called Adaptations. Gradients. Successive approximations. conditioning trials. Gradual adaptions

32. If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement, we can expect a. b. c. d. e.

an increase in stimulus generalization. the strength of the UR to increase. an increase in response generalization. extinction to occur. the strength of the CR to increase.

33. A child has learned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother's short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates a. b. c. d. e.

negative transfer. extinction. discrimination. successive approximation. positive transfer.

34. Punishment is most effective in suppressing behaviour when it is a. b. c. d. e.

immediate, consistent, and intense. delayed, consistent, and mild. immediate, consistent, and mild. delayed, inconsistent, and intense. immediate, partial, and intense.

35. The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is typically caused by a __________ schedule of reinforcement. a. b. c. d. e.

variable interval variable ratio fixed interval fixed ratio none of the above

36. What is a schema? a. b. c. d. e.

A mental script for doing a task A group of nodes connected in the mind A way of understanding the social-cognitive approach to personality A mode of understanding that biases of perception of life events A framework for an experience, based on memory or experience

37. Unconditional positive regard a. Means people are now “clients” instead of “patients” b. Requires you to be nice to people, because we are all human and essentially good c. Is essential to therapy, requiring a close empathic relationship between client and therapist d. Is a theory by Jean-Paul Sartre e. Is a strength of the humanistic approach to personality psychology

38. Eustace is highly anxious, defensive, hypersensitive and insecure. He believes he deserves better things in life and doesn’t mind using other people to get them. Sometimes he daydreams about running Microsoft or winning an Olympic gold medal. His personality style is: a. b. c. d. e.

Psychopathic Overt narcissism Covert narcissism Shame-prone Machiavellian

39. Eysenck’s super-traits are a. b. c. d. e.

Extraversion, Agreeableness, Psychoticism Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism Introversion, Extraversion, Neuroticism Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, Psychoticism Introversion, Conscientiousness, Psychoticism

40. The oral stage is about _______________ and the anal stage is about ______________. a. b. c. d. e.

Dependence and trust; control and compliance Control and compliance; dependence and trust Dependence and trust; identification with others Pleasure and satisfaction; orderliness and trust The mouth; toilet training

41. A psychologist designs an experiment wherein subjects complete a personality test and an IQ test. This is a ___________ to personality research. A strength of this approach is that it _________________. a. b. c. d. e.

42.

In Freud’s structural model, the id, ego and superego are best conceived in terms of: a. b. c. d. e.

43.

Correlational approach, is cost-effective Clinical approach, considers the functioning of the whole person Experimental approach, is close to the scientific ideal Psychological approach, is thorough Experimental approach, generates new hypotheses

Instincts, knowledge and rationality Sexuality, destructiveness and the “I” Biological drives, the sense of self and internalised moral standards Unconscious, preconscious and conscious Specific kinds of defence mechanisms Carl Rogers considered problems with personality to arise from:

a. Certain nodes that are activated regularly become wired together, creating a strong link. Thus, when one is activated the rest of the script must play out. b. A disparity between the person’s ideal self and their self-concept, so they changed their behaviour or self-view to avoid the painful reality of this gap c. From early maladaptive schemas, such as the abandonment, social isolation and failure schemas. d. People are essentially good, but held back from their full potential by social experience e. Because only 1% of the population are able to self-actualise

44. Inhibition to the unfamiliar is a temperament variable. Children with this attribute become upset when confronted with unfamiliar stimuli. a. If they had overprotective mothers, they were less likely to be depressed at age 21 b. Actively confronting the experiences increased the negative effect of inhibition c. Were likely to change if their mothers placed reasonable demands on them d. Were less fearful about a range of common situations at age 7 ½ e. Were more fearful about a range of common situations at age 7 ½

45. Johnnie needs a coffee before a lecture. During a lecture, he bounces his leg up and down. He occasionally checks Facebook and makes comments to his neighbour about the lecture content. Only this morning he made plans to go skydiving this afternoon. Johnnie is: a. b. c. d. e.

Stimulus hungry A risk-taker A poor student Low in ARAS High in ARAS

46. The concepts of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are a. b. c. d. e.

biologically determined relatively permanent and enduring situation specific shared by a group adaptable to experience.

47. The five-factor model of personality includes (select the one correct answer): a. b. c. d. e.

social interactionism willingness agreeableness sense of humour flexibility

48. Learning theorists a. b. c. d. e.

Have removed the ‘person’ from personality Emphasize situational determinants a of behaviour Stressed the importance of the unconscious Stressed the importance of the conscious Would view a trait as stable in all in situations

49. ________ theory maximised and _____ theory minimised the role of unconscious a. b. c. d. e.

trait; humanistic psychanalytic; behaviourist psychoanalytic; humanist trait; behaviourist humanistic; trait

50. Which of the following best states the purpose of neurons? a. Neurons receive information from the brain and carry out motor activities through messages via the spine b. Neurons transmit information to the brain from sensory cells either directly or by way of the spinal cord c. Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system, which direct vital bodily functions such as digestion and heartbeat d. Neurons carry information from cell to cell within the nervous system as well as to and from muscles and organs e. All of the above 51. Stimulation from one neuron by another can: a. b. c. d. e.

Cause a spreading voltage change called a graded potential Result in an immediate action potential Depolarise the entire neuron Hyperpolarise the entire neuron None of the above

52. In regard to neurons, an action potential is the: a. Spreading voltage changes along the cell membrane as the neuron is excited b. Nerve impulse that occurs if a cell is hyperpolarised often enough c. Shift in polarity across a cell membrane and subsequent restoration of the resting potential d. Cumulative firing of graded potentials once they have been hyperpolarised e. Movement of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane 53. Inhibitory neurotransmitters: a. b. c. d. e. 54.

Affect the pre-synaptic neuron Facilitate transmission at the synapse Increase the number of receptor sites Hyperpolarise the post-synaptic neuron Inhibit the action potential Narcotics work because they are chemically very similar to:

a. b. c. d. e. 55.

Endorphins Hormones Secretions GABA Acetylcholine The somatic nervous system:

a. b. c. d. e.

56.

Is a part of the central nervous system Transmits sensory messages to, and motor messages from, the CNS Is a branch of the cortex Lies completely within the bony skeleton Consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

The parasympathetic branch of the ANS: a. b. c. d. e.

Maintains normal bodily functions Regulates cognitive assessments of danger Energises fight or flight reactions Stimulates pituitary hormone secretion Is also known as the voluntary system

57. The cerebrum is the part of the brain most involved in: a. b. c. d. e.

Sensation Maintaining homeostasis Complex thought Hunger and thirst Circadian rhythms

58. The hindbrain consists of the: a. b. c. d. e.

Medulla oblongata and cerebrum Medulla oblongata and the reticular activating system Reticular formation and the cerebellum Medulla oblongata, the reticular formation and the cerebellum Motor and premotor cortex

59. Much of the midbrain (tectum and tegmentum) seems to be involved with: a. b. c. d. e.

Sensation of stimuli Unpleasant feelings Pleasurable experiences All of the above None of the above

60. Stimulation of the septal areas of the limbic system: a. b. c. d. e.

Activates avoidance responding Acts like a strong punishment Alleviate hunger Is powerfully reinforcing All of the above

61. Jacinta works as a receptionist at a busy multi-national company and directs incoming calls from all over the world to appropriate departments for processing. Her job can be compared to that of the ________ in your brain a. b. c. d. e.

Hypothalamus Thalamus Pons and medulla Ventral tegmental area Reticular formation

62. The experience of a panic attack primarily involves the: a. b. c. d. e.

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system Suppression of the sympathetic nervous system Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system Suppression of the somatic nervous systems Both (b) and (c)

63. An infant begins to cry after seeing his mother react fearfully to the unexpected approach of a dog. The area of his brain that is mostly likely being stimulated is the: a. b. c. d. e.

Tectum Hippocampus Tegm...