Needle Anatomy Notes - Professor Ekeh PDF

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Professor Ekeh...

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Objectives: route for injection and process for parental medication

Anatomy of needle: - Consists of - Hub: metal or plastic part attached to tip of syringe - Shaft: thin needle length --- measure gauge from that - Bevel: angled end of need Needle package: single, sterile packet Gauge: - Needle size determined by gauge and length - The larger the gauge number, the smaller the diameter of the lumen - The smaller the gauge number, the larger the diameter of the lumen Length: - Based on the layer of skin that it wants to puncture - Subcutaneous? Muscle? Layer Type of needle colors - diff color are diff gauge and length - Factors that determine the length/ gauge - Patient condition - Size of patient - Weight of patient - adipose/ muscle tissue available - site/ landmark - Parental route - Type of medication - Range: - Intradermal - longest 25-28g - Subcutaneous 25-27g - Intramuscular - shortest 21g *18g is the biggest gauge you can use on an unit *20-22g is the smallest for blood transfusion - Needles smaller would lyse the rbc *14g/16g for higher level care(may not be used on unit)

Choosing length nurse alert: - When choosing needle length, need to consider - Patient condition - Size of patient - Amount of muscle or tissue Routes of injections: - Intradermal - Subcutaneous - Intramuscular - *intravenous Choosing routes of injections: Pre-assessment: observations - Follow standards of medication administration - Patient readiness - Position: sitting/ lying - skin/ location - Bruises - Bony prominences - Abrasion - redness/ swelling - Medical conditions - Surgical procedures - mastectomy, dialysis access, scar, incision lines Supplies: - mar/ emar - Correct drug - Sterile syringe (correct size) - Correct needle size - Antimicrobial swab - Small gauze (2x2) Intradermal administration: - Used for diagnostic purposes - Tuberculin and allergy - Needle angle: inserted with the bevel upwards at a 10- to 15-degree angle - Location: inner part of forearm, between wrist and elbow

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Precaution: don’t aspirate (withdrawing) 1 ml syringe 25-28 gauge needle 1.4-5.8 inch needle Insert needle at 10-15 degree angle up to about 3mm, injection Visualize bleb (mark of entry) Don’t massage area Maximum volume for intradermal injection is 0.1 ml If no blister (bleb) appears needle is too deep ---- need to tell CI so they give you another chance and that you can redo it

Unexpected condition: - No visualized bleb - Leak out of drug solution - Needle stick before - Needle stick after Subcutaneous (sq) - Drugs absorbed below dermis, into subcutaneous tissue are absorbed slowly b/c fewer blood vessels are present in fatty tissue - Amount of drug solution: administered: generally 0.5-1 ml - Angle of injection: 45-, 60-, 90 degree angle - 2 types of syringes - Tuberculin syringe (1 ml), 3-ml syringe - Technique - Pinch skin - No need to aspirate for blood return - Deposit medicine under dermis - Don’t massage site after injection - Insulin given sq - Always use insulin syringe (orange top) - Landmarks - Outer aspect upper arms - Abdomen (2” from umbilicus) - Upper thighs - Lower abdomen (preferred Heparin) - Rotate sites -...