Neurotransmitter Chart PDF

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Team Assignment on Neurotransmitters ...

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Neurotransmitter Chart PSYCH/630 Version 3

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University of Phoenix Material Neurotransmitter Chart Select four neurotransmitters. Complete a table for each neurotransmitter.

Neurotransmitter 1

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Dopamine

Based on the postsynaptic receptors, dopamine is both inhibitory and excitatory.

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior? An individual’s attention, body movements, and learning skills are all associated with dopamine. Dopamine helps manage motivation, feelings, and can alter pleasure in an individual.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1) Chest Pain 2) Painful Urination

Prozac

3) Shallow Breathing

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

The body's depletion of Dopamine may lead to depression, anxiety, and

If dopamine is not taken it can affect the individual and even lead to Parkinson Disease. It will help to increase the level of

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neurotransmitters into the brain and control motor systems. According to Ferguson (2001), “Treating Parkinson's disease with medication can sometimes is a balancing act between managing the disease and managing drug side effects.”

mood disorders, (Wong, D. T., Perry, K. W., & Bymaster, F. P. (2005.)

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1)Insomnia 2)Tremors

L-DOPA

3)Nausea (Wong, 2005.)

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: Unbalanced decision making, skewed reasoning, worry, panic attacks and increased anxiety (Bystritsky, 2013).

Parkinson’s disease

Neurotransmitter 2

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Serotonin

Inhibitory

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What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

According to McIntosh (2016), serotonin is involved in appetite, sleep, memory, learning, mood, behavior and depression.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1)Drowsiness 2)Nausea

Duloxetine

3)Nervousness

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: If Serotonin is not made then the body will not have their chemical nerve cells produce. According to Wilson and Nader (2015), “serotonin sends signals between your nerve cells.” If it is not taken then the body will not have some amino acids that they need in the body and this can lead to mood disorders and anxiety. It can also lead to depression.

Depression, anxiety, and nerve pain (peripheral neuropathy) in those with Diabetes, (Yarnitsky, D., 2012.)

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent:

Lorazepam

1)Stomach pains

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2)Angry or aggressive behaviors 3)Coma Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: The risk associated with not taking Lorazepam is the same as the side effects associated with the medication. To little can have no effects and too much can lead to death.

Due to the decrease of serotonin in the nerve cells it has the ability to bring on stress which can generate anxiety.

Neurotransmitter 3

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Norepinephrine

Excitatory

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior? Norepinephrine is a stress hormone that is critical for retrieving intermediate-term contextual and spatial memories.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1) Tiredness and sleepiness. 2) Slight hand tremor.

Lithium.

3) Headache, slight memory loss, or confusion.

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the

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disorder, disease, or condition: Lithium toxicity. Neuroinflammation can damage neurons and disrupt neuron connections and increase blood concentrations of the stress hormones. Lithium fights the neuroinflammation to down-regulate the secretion of stress hormones.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1) Anxiety. 2) Tissue hypoxia.

Levophed.

3) Pain, redness, or irritation at site where injected.

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: Necrosis

Norepinephrine is used to produce vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation as an adjunct to correct hemodynamic imbalances in the treatment of shock that persists after adequate fluid volume replacement. For blood pressure control in certain acute hypotensive states.

Death

Neurotransmitter 4

State if this neurotransmitter is inhibitory or excitatory:

Acetylcholine

Excitatory

What is this neurotransmitter's role on behavior?

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Carlson (2013) states that acetylcholine has a role in both attention and arousal in the central nervous system. Carlson (2013) also states that acetylcholine helps activate muscles in the peripheral nervous system.

Pharmacological agent prescribed to increase the neurotransmitter:

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1)Sweating 2)Difficulty breathing

Galantamine

3)Hypertension

Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition:

People who suffer from Alzheimer's Disease (AZ) have a shortage of Acetylcholine, and rely on this medication to stabilize the levels of the chemical, (Rockwood, K., Fay, S., Song, X., MacKnight, C., 2006.)

Pharmacological agent prescribed to decrease the neurotransmitter:

This can cause serious damage to the brain. According to Ferguson (2005), “Infrequent cases of corneal edema, corneal clouding, and corneal decompensation have been reported with the use of intraocular acetylcholine. Adverse reactions have been reported rarely which are indicative of systemic absorption.”

List three possible side effects linked to this agent: 1)Depression 2)Weight loss

Bentryl also known as Dicycolmine reduces Acetylcholine 3)Drowsiness

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Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs

This agent has been found to occur in Alzheimer’s Disease which shows deterioration of the CNS and progresses to dementia. This agent’s role has been found to decrease in the cerebral cortex as well as the caudate nucleus in Alzheimer’s patients

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List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, so the risks could include that acetylcholine will not stay stable, however taking this medication may stabilize this chemical, but also may come with more risks while taking Galantamine. Some risks of not having enough acetylcholine are memory loss, nerve impairment, and cognitive degeneration and mood disorders (Hager, 2016).

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References: Carlson, R, N., (2013). Physiology of behavior (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

McIntosh, J., (2016). Serotonin: Facts, what does serotonin do? Retrieved from:

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/232248.php#neurotransmitter

National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=439260, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/439260 (accessed Sept. 22, 2017).

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Rockwood, K., Fay, S., Song, X., MacKnight, C., & Gorman, M. (2006). Attainment of treatment goals by people with Alzheimer's disease receiving Galantamine: A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association. Journal, 174(8), 1099-105. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/docview/204828891?accountid=134061

Sastre, E., Nicolay, A., Bruguerolle, B., Portugal, H. (2005). Effect of lithium on norepinephrine Metabolic pathways. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024320505002511 University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. (2004). Norepinephrine important in retrieving memories. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/04/040402073226.htm Wong, D. T., Perry, K. W., & Bymaster, F. P. (2005). The discovery of fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac). Nature Reviews.Drug Discovery, 4(9), 764-74. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1821

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Yarnitsky, D. (2012, June). Conditioned pain modulation predicts duloxetine efficacy in painful diabetic neuropathy.. Pain (Amsterdam), 153(6), 1193-1198....