PCA 1 (Intro to Medical Terminology) PDF

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Pre-class assignment #1, medical term parts and word building...

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PCA 1

HPHY 211 medical terminology

Ch.1 – Introduction to Medical Terminology (pp.2-23) 1. Define the following elements of medical terms: a. word root (WR): the foundation of a medical term that contains the primary meaning of the word b. combining form (CF): a medical term that combines a word root with a vowel. Doesn’t have meaning on its own but allows two-word elements to be connected c. combining vowel: a vowel, normally o (but can also be i or e) that allows word roots to combine with other elements. d. Suffix: ending of a word that changes the root word’s meaning, usually describing a disease/abnormality, symptom, etc. e. Prefix: attaches to the beginning of a word, changing its meaning, and typically indicates a number, time, position, direction, or negation 2. What are the three steps for defining, or interpreting the meaning of a medical term? The three steps to defining a medical term are: 1- Define the suffix/end of the word 2- Define the first part of the word/prefix if present 3- Define the word root/middle part of the word 3. What are the three rules for building medical words? Rule 1. A word roots links a suffix that begins with a vowel Rule 2. A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins with a consonant Rule 3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. 4. Create a chart or table to use as a guide for correctly pronouncing terms (see “Pronunciation Marks” on the inside back cover of the text). insulins I 8N-su 8-l 8ıns laxatives L-t 8ıvz

nitrates

N@-trAts

5. Your text (pages 15-22) includes lists of the most common prefixes and suffixes. We will use these throughout the course so the sooner you become familiar with them the better! Define each suffix and prefix listed below. The “Mad Minute” will include these word parts: surgical SUFFIXES -centesis

Surgical puncture Surgical -clasis fracture Binding, -desis fixation (of a bone or joint) -ectomy removal Separation; -lysis destructi on; loosening Fixation (of -pexy an organ) -plasty Surgical repar -rrhaphy suture diagnostic SUFFIXES Forming an -stomy -gram Record, opening writing Instrument -tome -graph Instrument to cut for incision -tomy recording -tripsy crushing Process of -graphy recording Instrument -meter for measurin g Act of -metry measurin g -scope Instrument for examinin

-scopy

g Visual examinati on

Pathological SUFFIXES -algia, -dynia -cele -ectasis -edema -emesis -emia -iasis

-itis -lith -malacia -megaly -oma -osis

-pathy -penia -phobia -plegia -rrhage, -rrhagia -rrhea -rrhexis -stenosis -toxic

pain Hernia, swelling Dialation, expansion swelling vomiting Blood condition Abnormal condition (with specific cause) inflammation Stone, calculus softening enlargment tumor Abnormal condition; increase disease Decrease, deficiency fear paralysis Bursting (of) Discharge, flow rupture Narrowing, stricture poison

-trophy

6.

Nourishment, developme nt

common PREFIXES a-, anWithout, not circum-, periaround dia-, transThrough, across dipl-, diplodouble dysBad, painful, difficult endo-, intraIn, within homo-, homeo- same hypoUnder, below, deficient macrolarge microsmall mono-, unione postAfter, behind pre-, proBefore, infront of primifirst retroBackward, behind superAbove, upper

Word Building Write the medical term for each of the descriptions in lay terms. These terms may be asked on an OSTE (meaning and/or pronunciation), or on the “word building” or “word dissection” parts of the midterm and final exams. Be comfortable with BOTH defining the medical term in lay terms, or building the medical term from lay terms. All definitions and pronunciations can be found in your text.

surgical puncture of a joint - arthrocentesis to break, or surgical fracture of a joint - osteoclasis binding, or fixation of a joint - arthrodesis excision, or removal of the appendix - appendectomy separation, destruction, or loosening of a blood clot - thrombolysis fixation of a breast - mastopexy surgical repair of the nose - rhinoplasty suture of a muscle - myorrhaphy forming an opening in the trachea (windpipe) - tracheostomy instrument to cut bone - osteotome incision in the trachea (windpipe) - tracheotomy crushing a stone (calculus) - lithotripsy record of the electricity of the heart - electrocardiogram instrument for recording the heart - cardiograph process of recording a vessel (blood or lymph) - angiography instrument for measuring the pelvis - pelvimeter act of measuring the pelvis - pelvimetry instrument for examining in or within (usually a cavity or opening) - endoscope visual examination in or within - endoscopy pain in/from a nerve - neuralgia pain in/from the ear - otodynia hernia or swelling of the liver -hepatocele

dilation or expansion of the bronchi - bronchiectasis swelling of lymph - lymphedema vomiting excessively or above normal - hyperemesis blood condition of without (red blood cells) - anemia abnormal condition of bile or gall stones (calculus) - cholelithiasis inflammation of the stomach - gastritis gall stone – cholelith softening of cartilage - chondromalacia enlargement of the heart - cardiomegaly tumor of a nerve - neuroma abnormal condition of blue (skin) - cyanosis disease of muscle - myopathy decrease or deficiency or red (blood cells) - erythropenia fear of blood - hemophobia paralysis of one half - hemiplegia bursting of blood - hemorrhage bursting of menses or menstruation - menorrhagia discharge or flow across/through -diarrhea rupture of an artery - arteriorrhexis narrowing or stricture of an artery - arteriostenosis poison of the liver - hepatotoxic nourishment or development of bad/painful /difficult - dystrophy

condition of without/no breast - amastia no feeling - anesthesia act of leading, bringing, or conducting around -circumduction pertaining to around the teeth - periodontal condition or process of across or through heat - diathermy pertaining to across or through the vagina - transvaginal double vision - diplopia pertaining to double bacteria - diplobacterial bad, painful, or difficult voice - dysphonia secrete in or within - endocrine pertaining to in or within the muscle - intramuscular transplantation of the same - homograft formation or growth of the same - homeoplasia pertaining to under or below the skin - hypodermic a large cell - macrocyte instrument for examining something small - microscope treatment of one - monotherapy pertaining to one nucleus - uninuclear pertaining to after birth - postnatal pertaining to before birth - prenatal knowing before - prognosis pregnant woman first (woman pregnant with her first child) - primigravida

turning backward, or behind - retrovision pertaining to above - superior...