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Running head: EXPLAINING PHOBIA `

Ex p l a i n i n gPho b i a Br i a nCo r n e t t ,Ca r i eDe a r i n g ,Sh a wn eRo bi n s , J e nn i f e rT uc k e r Pe r s o n a l i t yTh e o r i e sPSYCH/ 6 4 5 Se p t e mb e r1 0 ,2 0 1 8 Dr .Ca r l o sDi a z La z a r o

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EXPLAINING PHOBIA

2 Ex p l a i n i n gPh o b i a

a .( J e n n i f e r ) De s c r i beBi l l ’ sPho bi a( J e nni f e r ) a Ho wt hePho bi ai sEx pl ai ne di nCl a s s i c a lCo ndi t i o ni ng( Sha wne ) a Ho wt hePho bi ai sEx pl a i ne di nOpe r a ntCo ndi t i o ni ng( Sha wne ) a Ho wt hePho bi ai sExpl a i ne di nObs e r v a t i o na lLe a r ni ng( Ca r i e ) Ob s e r v a t i o na ll e a r n i n gi so n et h a tc a nh e l pBi l lwi t hh i sp u b l i cs p e a ki n gp h o b i a .Wh a t o b s e r v a t i o na ll e a r n i n gwo u l dd oi st h a tBi l lc a nh e l pi no v e r c o mi n gh i sf e a ro fp u b l i cs p e a ki n gb y wa t c h i n gh o wo t h e r sd oi t .I fh ewe r et oo b s e r v eot h e r swh e nt h e ya r es p e a ki n gi nt h ep u b l i che c a nl e a r nf r o mt h i st owh e r eh ewo u l db ea b l et or e p l i c a t ewha tt he ya r ed oi n g .Hewo u l db ea b l e t og i v eh i ms e l ft h emi n d s e tb yo b s e r v i n go t h e r sa n dwo u l dma k ei te a s i e ronh i ms e l fi no r d e rt o l e th i smi ndt a k eo v e rt h ef e a ro fp u b l i cs p e a ki n g .Byo b s e r v a t i o n a ll e a r n i n gh ec a nh e l ph i ms e l f l e a r nn e wb e h a v i o r st ha th ed o e sn o ty e tkn o wt h a ti smo s tl i k e l yc a u s i n gh i sf e a ro fp u b l i c s p e a ki n g .Wi t ho b s e r v a t i o n a ll e a r n i n gBi l lc a nl e a r nan e wwa yi no r d e rt oh e l ph i sp h ob i aa n di t c a nr e i n f o r c et h ee ffe c t st h a tp ub l i cs p e a ki n gh a so nh i m wh i c hma yb ewh a ti sc a us i n gt h e a n xi e t ya r o u n di ta l l( Gr e e r ,Dud e k Si n g e r&Ga u t r e a u x,2 0 0 7 ) .Thi sp h o b i ama yh a v ec o me f r o m wh e r eBi l la ts o mep o i n ti nh i sl i f ema yh a v ef e l tt h a th ewa si ns o mewa yj u d g e db yo t h e r s a n db yo bs e r v a t i o na ll e a r n i n gi tma yh e l pBi l lwi t ht h er i g h tb e h a v i or st h a th en e e d si no r d e rt o p e r f o r mt h et a s kh ene e d st op e r f o r m.Th i sc a nc omef r o mo t h e r st h a thei sa r o u n ds u c ha sc o wo r k e r s , f r i e n d so ra n yi np a r t i c u l a rt ha tma yi n flue n c eh i mi ns o mewa y .

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Ho wPr o c e s so fEx t i nc t i o nCa nOv e r c o meCo ndi t i o n( Ca r i e ) Th ewa yt h a tBi l lc a nh e l ph i ms e l fo v e r c o met h i spho b i ao fp u b l i cs pe a ki n gi st h a th efir s t n e e d st ofindo u twh e r et h ea n x i e t ys u r r o u nd i n gt h ep h o b i ai sc o mi n gf r o m.Het h e nc a nwo r ka t o v e r c o mi n gt ha ti s s u et owh e r ei twi l ln ol o n g e rc a us eh i ma nx i e t ya ndh ewi l lb ea b l et o o v e r c o met h ec o n di t i o n .Mo r et h a nl i k e l yt h i si sa l ls t e mmi n gf r om s o mep a r to fh i sl i f ewhe r e h eh a daf e a ro fwh a to t he r st ho u g h to fh i ma n dhi sa n x i e t yi ss u r r o u n d i n gb e i n gj u d g e db y o t h e r s .On c eh ei sa b l et oc o n f r o n tt h i sf e a ro fpu bl i cs p e a ki n gh e a do nh ema yb ea b l et of e e l mo r ec on fid e n twh e nh ei su pt h e r es p e a ki n g .On c eh i sc on fide n c ei sb u i l tu pa n dh ef e e l s s o me wh a tc o mf or t a b l ea b o uts p e a ki n gi np u bl i ch et he nc a nb u i l df r o mt h a tt owh e r eh ei sa b l et o o v e r c o met h ec o n di t i o n .Th ewa yt h a tt h ep r o c e s so fe x t i n c t i o nc a nh e l pi no v e r c o mi n gt h e p h o b i ao fp u b l i cs p e a ki n gi st h a ti two u l dha v et oe r a s et h eme mo r i e st h a ta r ec a u s i n gt h ef e a ri n t h efir s tp l a c e .Th i swo ul dh a v et ob er e p l a c e dwi t hme mo r i e st h a tma k eh i mf e e lmo r ec o n fid e nt i nwh a thei sd o i n g .Mo r el i k eg e t t i n gr i do ft h eb a da n db r i n g i n gi nt heg o o dc a nh e l pwi t hBi l l o v e r c o mi n gt hep u bl i cs p e a k i n gp h o b i a .Th i si sn o ts ome t h i n gt h a two u l dha p p e no v e r n i g h ta n d wo u l dmo r et ha nl i k e l yt a k eal o to fp r a c t i c eo nh i sp a r ts ot h a th ewo u l df e e lmor ec o mf o r t a b l e wi t hwh a th ewa sdo i n g .

A Ho wPr o c e s so fCo g ni t i v eThe o r yCanOv e r c o meCo ndi t i o n( Br i a n) A Co nc l us i on( Br i a n) A

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5 Re f e r e n c e s

Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2013). Personality: Theory and research (12th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Greer, D., Dudek-Singer, J., & Gautreaux, G. (2007, February). Observational n t e r n a t i o n a lJ o u r n alo fPs y c h ol o gy ,4 1 ( 6 ) . Learning. I...