Sample/practice exam 3 November 2016, questions and answers PDF

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PSY3032 Practice Exam 2015 1. What are the 4 characteristics of stigma? a. Distinguishing label, label refers to undesirable attributes, people with label are seen as different, discrimination b. Distinguishing label, exclusion, discrimination, treatment c. Exclusion, discrimination, labelling, acceptance d. Distinguishing label, label refers to undesirable attributes, people with label are seen as different, acceptance 2. In the middle to Dark ages (200 AD - 1400’s), how did society view those with mental illness? a. They treated them immediately through a doctor and medicine b. They assumed it was due to supernatural beliefs c. It was a common symptom associated with a cold d. It was normal amongst society. 3. Who was seen as the “Father of Genetic Research/Eugenics” a. Francis Galton b. Sigmund Freud c. Aaron Beck d. Alfred Adler 4. Behaviour therapy was developed in 1950’s, and it continues to be used to treat phobias and anxiety through systematic desensitization. Systematic desensitization consists of – a. Incremental exposure to feared situations and stimuli, followed by deep muscle relaxation. b. Deep muscle relaxation followed by gradual exposure to a list of feared situations and stimuli, starting with those that arouse minimal anxiety and progressing to those are the most frightening. c. Deep muscle relaxation followed by exposure to the most anxiety inducing stimuli on an interval ratio schedule d. Operant conditioning gradual exposure to what is feared least to what is feared most, followed by deep muscle relaxation.

5. Which is NOT a core criticism of the DSM approach to classification? a. b. c. d.

Categories disregard uniqueness of the individual Assigning a label may increase stigma Classification may emphasise trivial similarities There are too few diagnoses

6. In order for someone to be diagnosed with a mental illness through the DSM, they should exhibit: a. Significant distress or impairment in everyday functioning b. Only the symptoms of the disorder are required to be diagnosed c. Symptoms for at least 4 months d. Dissatisfaction with life 7. What type of classification model is the DSM-5 a. b. c. d.

Dimensional Categorical Spectrum None of the above

8. What percentage of violence in the general population is attributable to mental illness? a. A. 40% b. B. 30% c. C. 20% d. D. 10%

9. Below are the changes implemented in DSM-5, except a. Removal of the multiaxial system b. Removal of autism and Asperger’s disorder, and replaced with the Autism Spectrum Disorder c. Reducing the subtypes of schizophrenia from five to three d. Introducing culture-related diagnostic issues for all disorders 10. Who was the originator of genetic research? a. b. c. d.

Dorathea Dix. Francis Galton. Jean Charcot Sigmund Freud.

11. What is a problem with longitudinal designs? a. This type of research allows researchers to look at changes over time b. They are quick and cheap c. Biased samples as participants succumb to selective mortality where they are no longer available for follow up due to death d. Particularly useful for assessing developmental change across a lifespan

12. Which is true of classification diagnoses a. There may be significant under pathologisation b. There are no concerns regarding construct validity c. Relevant information may be overlooked d. Classification does not increase stigma 13. How many axes are currently in the DSM-5? a. One b. Four c. Three d. Two

14. Hippocrates (~400 BC) identified four humors that contributed to mental health/illness. These were: a. Mania, Melancholia, Phrenitis, Blood b. Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Blood, Phlegm c. Black Bile, Yellow Bile, Blood, Phrenitis d. Phrenitis, Melancholia, Mania, Super chiasma

15. Breuer developed which psychological treatment? a. Systematic desensitisation, b. Hynosis, c. Cathartic method, d. Electroconvulsive therapy 16. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used today as a treatment for... a. Schizophrenia b. Depression c. Anxiety d. All of the above 17. What treatment method used long ago involves drilling a hole in the patient’s skull to allow evil spirits to leave? (lecture) a. b. c. d.

Bedlemination Trepination Exorcism mesmerism

18. The Stone Age conception of Mental Illness proposed that Mental disturbances were caused by: a. Imbalance of four bodily humors b. Genetic influences c. Exorcism d. Evil spirits and displeased Gods 19. General Paresis refers to a condition that was characterised by: a. a delusional state b. reduced cognitive functioning such as memory loss and language ability c. muscle weakness d. all of the above 20. The collective unconscious is a key concept in which branch of psychological theory? a. Individual psychology, b. Analytical psychology, c. Psychoanalytic theory, d. Psychodynamic theory 21. Hippocrates believed that the three most prominent forms of mental illness were: a. Depression, Anxiety, Phrenitis b. Mania, Melancholia, Phrenitis c. Melancholia, Phrenitis, Hypomania d. Melancholia, Phrenitis, Depression 22. Phrenitis could most closely parallel: a. Depression b. Anxiety c. Fever/Delirium d. Manic behaviour

23. The Malleus Maleficarium (The Witch Trials) occurred during which time period: a. The Stone Age b. Around 400 BC c. The Middle Ages (around 200 AD) d. The 1900’s 24. The last Greek physician to have an influence over the contributing causes to mental illness prior to the middle ages was: a. Francis Galton b. Socrates c. Archimedes d. Galen 25. The law of effect developed by Thorndike states a. The strengthening of a tendency will occur in response by virtue of the presentation of a pleasant event b. The strengthening of a tendency will occur in response by the removal of an aversive event c. Behaviour that is followed by consequences satisfying to an organism will be repeated and behaviour that is followed by noxious or unpleasant events will be discouraged d. Behaviour that is followed by consequences satisfying to an organism will be repeated and behaviour that is followed by noxious or unpleasant events will be forgotten 26. Theory of mind refers to a. Behaviour that is followed by consequences satisfying to an organism will be repeated and behaviour that is followed by noxious or unpleasant events will be discouraged b. The ability to attribute mental states to oneself and understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own c. when children refer to themselves in a third person as "he," "she," or "you," or by their own proper name, a phenomenon closely linked to echolalia d. The way in which people interpret the world and understand that the whole is different than the sum of its parts.

27. The Lunacy trials meant that individuals with mental illness were __________________. However, this meant that________________________. a. Happier because they were released from asylums; more mentally ill people were not looked after. b. Wards of “The Crown”; The Crown controlled their estates. c. Killed for being witches; innocent individuals were unnecessarily killed. d. Tested for mental illness; they were forcibly sterilized to prevent reproduction. 28. Pinel’s reform of asylums were positive in that he created a more humane atmosphere for people with mental illness. However the problem was that: a. the reforms were reserved for the upper class b. there was less control within asylums and therefore more cases of suicide and violence c. people within the institutions were confused by the dramatic change d. Treating physicians could not adequately control the environments enough to provide lasting treatment options.

29. According to statistics taken from St Mary’s Hospital of Bethlehem, what proportion of the institutionalized individuals suffered from mental illness as the result of PSYCHOLOGICAL causes: a. 20% b. 30% c. 50% d. 70% 30. Who treated patients with hysteria using animal magnetism? a. b. c. d.

Francis Galton Franz Anton Mesmer Josef Breuer Dorothy Dix

31. A major difference in the DSM5, compared to the DSM-IV-R is a. Fewer diagnosable illnesses b. Removal of the 5 axis c. Change from categorical to dimensional approach d. None of the above 32. The DSM principally aims to increase __________ in diagnoses a. b. c. d.

Inter-rater reliability Better interpretation of disorders Prevalence rates Individual differences

33. The study of syphilis microorganisms assisted with the conception of the causes of mental illness because: a. The observed co-occurrence between general paresis and syphilis allowed researchers to determine a link between infection, brain pathology and mental pathology. b. The observed co-occurrence between bipolar disorder and syphilis allowed researchers to determine a link between infection, brain pathology and mental pathology. c. The observed co-occurrence between schizophrenia and syphilis allowed researchers to determine a link between infection, brain pathology and mental pathology. d. All of the above 34. Hippocrates believed in that imbalance between the 4 humors resulted in mental illness. According to Hippocrates, an excess of yellow bile would result in: a. b. c. d.

sluggish/dull melancholia anxiety/irritability change in heart rate

35. What is whiteness? a. The opposite of blackness

b. Racism based on skin colour c. A collective mindset that treats Anglo-Western as ‘normal’ d. Discrimination against migrants and refugees

36. What type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest? a. b. c. d.

Content validity Construct validity Content validity Face validity

37. Which of the following is not true for Indigenous Australian’s? a. b. c. d.

Most die before the age of 45 Experience a significant loss of control over their lives Have lower levels of health and They drink more than their white counterparts

38. Culture is best defined as: a. A static system of knowledge that is characterised by rules and practices that are intergenerational b. A dynamic system of knowledge that consists of systems of knowledge, concepts, rules and practices that are learned and transmitted across generations c. Fixed traits exhibited by all people within specific groups that allow them to be distinguishable from other groups d. Dynamic individual expressions of self, based on heritage. 39. Culture would be best described as... a. Homogenous b. Static c. Dynamic d. None of these

40. Bob, a person of aboriginal background, claims that he has been hearing voices of deceased relatives. What conclusion should his therapist take upon receiving this information? a. Bob is experiencing auditory hallucination, hence antipsychotic medications should be prescribed b. Bob may be under a great amount of stress and the DSM-5 should be consulted c. Bob may be experiencing inter-generational trauma as the repercussion of colonialization, therefore he needs to undergo psychoanalysis d. Bob’s experience may be a culturally accepted occurrence within his culture; therefore, a culturally sensitive approach should be taken with treatment

41. Culture influences:

a. b. c. d.

How we interpret and understand other people’s emotions and behaviours How we construct our own behaviour How we see the world around us All of the above

42. What is a rare disorder in traditional Aboriginal society? a. Depressive disorders b. Substance abuse disorders c. Anxiety Disorders d. Stress 43. Assuming that one’s culture is static is_________ and results in ____________: a. True, accurate perceptions of individuals b. True, greater understanding oh human behavior within groups c. False, overgeneralizations and stereotypes d. False, negative opinions of “out-groups” 44. A study of “The Himba Tribe” found that culture mediates colour perception because: a. The Himba were colour-blind b. The Himba could not distinguish between different shades of green c. The Himba were more easily able to distinguish between certain shades of green than Westerners, but less able to distinguish between blue and green. d. The Himba used almost double the number of words to explain colour. 45. The condition “Susto” is commonly found in ________________ . It is most like _____________, and is treated by a practice named _______________. a. China; Anxiety; Khyal Cap b. South America; Anxiety; Curandero c. South America; Depression; Curandero d. China; Depression; Curandero 46. Symptoms of Susto can include: a. Diarrhea b. Nervousness c. Serious cases can result in death d. All of the above 47. “Wind Attack” is most closely related to: a. Generalised Anxiety Disorder b. OCD c. PTSD d. Sleep Paralysis 48. Migrants/refugees are vulnerable to mental illness predominantly due to: a. Trauma due to how they are processed and treated as refugees b. Differences between cultures c. Genetic vulnerability for mental illness d. Religious differences and beliefs 49. What proportion of refugees in detention experience being ransacked? a. 20% b. 50%

c. 80% d. 100% 50. Vulnerability for mental illness in immigrants includes: a. Social Isolation b. Low socioeconomic status c. Trauma d. All of the above

51. Statistically speaking from 2008-2009, Aboriginal men and women were: a. three times more likely to be hospitalised for mental and behavioural disorders than other Australians. b. twice as likely to be hospitalised for mental and behavioural disorders than other Australians. c. four times more likely to be hospitalised for mental and behavioural disorders than other Australians. d. There is no difference in hospitalisation rates between Indigenous men and women to that of other Australians. 52. Making judgments about another culture and people according to personal values and standard of an individual’s own culture is referred to as: a. b. c. d.

narcissism cultural bias stereotyping ethnocentrism

53. All of the following events are part of the Australian Indigenous contact history EXCEPT: a. Missionisation b. Land theft and forced movement/resettlement c. Forced vaccinations d. Massacres 54. Children of the stolen generation were still being removed from their families until: a. ~1920’s b. ~1950’s c. ~1960’s d. They are still being taken 55. Krieg, (2009) stated that “colonisation was not a moment. It is an ongoing experience”. Indigenous people still suffer from what? a. b. c. d.

Low sense of control over life circumstances Dingos eating their babies Forced slavery Delusions

56. When attempting to understand the causes of mental illness within the Indigenous Australian population, it is important to note that: a. Drug use and alcoholism is the primary cause

b. Trauma from the Indigenous contact history is intergenerational c. Aboriginal people have a much higher chance of developing mental illness based on their genetic vulnerabilities. d. Because the majority of the indigenous live in remote areas, it is difficult to get them adequate mental health support. 57. Tatz (1970’s) believed that mental illness was : a. A social disorder resulting from legacies of colonialism, chronic unemployment and impoverished body and soul. b. A mental state that cause caused by psychological markers of distress c. Resultant of biological and chemical imbalances d. Disproportionately experienced by the middle class 58. The Yarrabah program was successful in reducing youth suicide rates in the aboriginal community because: a. It gave the community control over how to approach the issue b. It provided the much needed medications such as SSRI’s to individuals afflicted with previously untreated mental illnesses. c. It encouraged individuals with mental illness to liaise with western psychologists, who were able to academically assess the issues and provide adequate care. d. The program did not work. 59. Which of the following statements if FALSE about mental illness across cultures: a. Observations of the occurrence of conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar is the same across cultures, but cultural perceptions and beliefs about these conditions differ. b. Mental illnesses, by definition, are illnesses that are universally recognized and are mutually exclusive. c. Mental illnesses that are restricted to certain cultures are called “Culturally-bound syndromes” d. Culture influences one’s perception and interpretation of symptoms of mental illnesses. 60. One of the most fundamental problems with regard to stereotyping (by culture) and diagnosis is: a. That clinicians can miss practical explanations about approaches to mental illness and treatment because they attribute discrepancies with adherence to cultural differences. b. That people cannot see the similarities between all individuals from one culture well enough, c. That individuals do not pay enough attention to culture’s role in mental illness. d. There is no problem. 61. Which of the following statements is FALSE: a. More indigenous Australians report having drunk alcohol in the past 12 months than nonindigenous Australians. b. Approximately half of Aboriginal mothers drink whilst pregnant, resulting in higher rates of fetal alcohol syndrome in this population vs. non-indigenous Australians. c. The death rate from self-harm among Aboriginal Australians is relatively stable. d. The likelihood of death resulting from mental illness is almost double for Aboriginal males in comparison with Aboriginal females. 62. The explanatory model of illness (Kleinman & Benson, 2006) suggests that mental illness should be assessed in terms of: a. Objective checklists of criteria, assessed by a clinician

b. Objective checklists of criteria that attempt to explain the cause of certain mental illnesses in accordance with a biological model c. A non-checklist-like list of questions that approach mental illness from a lay-person perspective, and focus on how individuals perceive their own experience d. A non-checklist model that encourages people to attain their own explanations for their symptoms through supported research programs. 63. The primary recognized vulnerability for “Susto” is: a. Genetic inheritance b. Psychological instability c. A lack of self-perceived validation d. Being part of the Hmong culture. 64. Which of the following statements is FALSE: a. The majority of indigenous Australians live in urban environments b. The average age of mortality for both men and women of Aboriginal heritage is higher than it is for non-indigenous Australians. c. The average age of mortality is lower for women than men in Aboriginal Australians. d. Aboriginal Australians are twice as likely to be hospitalized for mental health/behavioral disorders than non-indigenous Australians. 65. Which of the following statements regarding Indigenous Australians is TRUE: a. Most indigenous Australians have had a family member sent to jail in the past 12 months. b. Most indigenous Australians have experienced one or more significant stressors (e.g. death of a family member, family violence…) in the past 12 months. c. Most indigenous Australians, aged 18 + have drunk alcohol in the past twelve months. d. Almost all indigenous Australians are hospitalized for mental illness at one point in their lives. 66. Race is BEST defined as: a. A category of group identity that is culturally defined on the basis of superficial physical characteristics. b. A descriptor of one’s genetic heritage. c. A category of group identity that is culturally defined on the basis of socio-cultural, linguistic, historical and/or geographical criteria. d. A dynamic model of both physical and geographical traits. 67. Ethnicity is BEST defined as: a. A category of group identity that is culturally defined on the basis of superficial physical characteristics. b. A descriptor of one’s genetic heritage. c. A category of group identity that is culturally defined on the basis of socio-cultural, linguistic, historical and/or geographical criteria. d. A dynamic model of both physical and geographical traits. 68. The concept of ethnocentrism assert...