Stimulus & Response Notes PDF

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Notes on Stimulus & Conditioning...

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February 11, 2020 ● ● ●

Classical Conditioning ○ Stimulus : Stimulus Learning Operant Conditioning ○ Response : Outcome Learning Observational Learning ○ Modeling/Imitation

Stimulus - Stimulus Learning - Associated with Pavlov

Key Terms in Classical Conditioning ● Neutral Stimulus ○ Doesn’t evoke any particular responses prior to learning ● Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) ○ Unlearned, already present ○ Evokes a reflexive, built-in response ○ Example: Puff of air to eye ● Unconditioned Response (UCR) ○ The response to the unconditioned stimulus ○ Example: Blinking in response to the puff of air ● Conditioned Stimulus (CS) ○ Comes to evoke a learned response due to being paired with the UCS ● Conditioned Response (CR) ○ The response to the conditioned stimulus

Classical Conditioning in Humans ● Conditional Emotional States (e.g., fear) ○ Music ic horror movies ○ Phobias: Little Albert Study (Watson & Rayner, 1920) ■ White Rat in front of him ● Initially played with it & enjoyed it ■ Then they put a loud sound connected with it (UCS) ● Him crying (UCR) ■ He began to cry when seeing the rat & became afraid of it ● Him being crying when seeing the Rat became the CS ● Him being afraid of Rats is the CR ● How to eliminate phobias? ○ Eliminating phobias through Systematic Desensitization Therapy (extinction & counter conditioning) ● Learned Taste Aversions (John Garcia) ○ He would give Rats a sweet water & then make them feel nauseous. ■ Violates usual laws of classical conditioning ● One pairing of taste & nausea & then they no longer want it ■ Single-trial learning ■ Taste and nausea can be separated by many hours ○ Biological preparedness Response-Outcome Learning ● Skinner...