SUBORDINATE CLAUSES PDF

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SUBORDINATE CLAUSES Sentences are made up of 1 or 2 CLAUSES. Sometimes these are 2 MAIN CLAUSES, joined by a CONJUNCTION such as or, and, or but. The lecture finished and the students went home.

The 2 CLAUSES are called MAIN CLAUSES because they can both make sense on their own. The lecture finished. The students went home.

Other sentences are made up of a MAIN CLAUSE and a SUBORDINATE CLAUSE, joined by a CONJUNCTION such as when, if, although, because. When you get a moment, have a look at this website.

The subordinate clause does not make sense without the main clause. The subject of the subordinate clause can be different from the subject of the main clause. Subordinate clauses add meaning to the main clause by giving more information about, for example, cause, comparison or time.

Cause/reason 

As

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Because

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Considering (that): Considering people had much shorter lives, you can understand why children were made to work.

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Given (that): Given that there was no compulsory schooling, children were free to be trained for work around the age of seven.

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Given the fact that: But given the fact that ordinary people were generally illiterate, it was difficult for Ariès to gather documentary evidence about their lives.

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In view of the fact that: The meeting was scheduled to begin at 2 p.m. in view of the fact that people had a long way to travel.

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Since: In the Middle Ages, most children didn’t know their grandparents since they had died before they were born.

Condition 

As long as

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Assuming (that): Assuming that Ekirch is right, we shouldn’t think there is something wrong with us if we wake in the night.

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If

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Provided that: You are allowed to organize a dig provided that you have a license.

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Supposing (that): Supposing that he is right, what does all this tell us?

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Unless

Contrast 

Although

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Even though

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Having said that: Having said that history can be fascinating I don’t think I’d have the patience to be an historian.

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In spite of the fact that

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In spite of: But, in spite of this criticism, his work created a whole new interest in social history.

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Regardless of the fact that: He was offered the job, regardless of the fact that he had no experience.

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Regardless of (+ noun/gerund): It’s an important object, regardless of its financial value.

Time 

As

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Before

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When

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While

Precaution 

In case + subject + verb: You should never sleep on a mattress that is too hard; in case it gives you back pain.

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In the event of

Comparison 

Compared to (+ noun/gerund): Compared to children today, I imagine children, then didn’t have much of a childhood.

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Contrary to: Contrary to the popular belief that you need at least six hours a night, it is possible to manage one less.

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Relative to

Other 

As far as … is concerned: As far as historians are concerned, that is the accepted view of it.

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Thinking about it: Thinking about it, we should give these objects to the museum.

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Insofar as: Insofar as the objects have great historical value, you could say we struck gold!...