Theorist Chart Assignment PDF

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The purpose of this assignment is to aid you in understanding the theoretical approaches you have learned from this course and provide you with an easy-access guide as you move forward in the program. This assignment gives you an opportunity to show your ability to analyze and critically think throu...

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THEORIES CHART Theoretical Approach

Psychoanal ytic

Founder & Date Founded

Counselor's Role (2)

1. Therapists are expected to exhibit qualities such as warmth, During the empathy, 1890s respect, and nonjudgmentall y and reflect those qualities in their interactions with clients. 2. A therapist is responsible for defining psychotherapy because psychotherapy can be understood differently by different therapists.

Sigmund Freud

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

1. It is the client's responsibility to take an active role in Therapy. 2. The clients transfer what they have learned from this relationship to other relationships due to this trust.

1. Obtaining clarity on issues and finding a remedy is part of the client's potential.

1. Interpretation , dream analysis, free association, resistance, analysis of transference, and understandin g countertransf erence are the essential techniques Corey (2021).

2. Clients can become aware of problems and find solutions to their ideal self and real self Corey (2021).

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2. Clients are given techniques to access their unconscious conflicts to gain insight

Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths 1. Culturally diverse populations can benefit from psychoanalytic ally oriented Therapy when practices are modified to fit the context in which the therapist practices Corey (2021). 2. As part of training therapists, the psychoanalytic approach emphasizes intensive Therapy that helps them become aware of their sources

Limitati ons (2)

1. Cultural groups may expect more counselin g involvem ent from their counselor s in the context of individua l counselin g Corey (2021). 2 Using passive and inactive therapy behaviors ,

Research (1)

According to De Sousa, Freudian theory needs to be reexamined. Though some believe that this the theory is outdated; it provides many valuable insights into modern theories of consciousness. Freudian psychology is still used in cognitive neuroscience today. Studying consciousness and unconsciousness reveals more about the evolution of consciousness. There is an independence and interdependence between both phenomena (2011).

and ultimately assimilate new material Corey (2021).

of countertransfer ence, such as biases, prejudices, and racial stereotypes Corey (2021). Shortcomings 1. Many clients from cultures who expect professional direction can be uncomfortable with most psychoanalytic approaches due to their ambiguity Corey (2021). 2. An individual's problems may be brought about by a combination of social, cultural, and political factors, which psychoanalysis

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therapists may pose an unaccept able danger to patients. Corey (2021).

fails to address Corey (2021).

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Theoretical Approach

Adlerian

Founder & Date Founded Alfred Adler in the early 1900s

Counselor's Role (2)

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) 1. The 1. It is the 1. The According to Strengths therapist's role client's personality, Corey 1. A therapist is to conduct an responsibility to the 1. Establish who employs extensive understand importance of the proper Adlerian assessment to psychopathology viewing therapeutic values, accurately and be willing to people from relationship cooperation, diagnose a change Corey their Corey (2021). and a social client's (2021). viewpoint, perspective functioning, 2. In the and the 2. Encourage over Corey (2021). community, importance of Selfindividualistic lifestyle, and having a life Understanding and 2. Therapists insight, clients goal that and Insight competitive assist clients find themselves. guides Corey (2021). factors makes with identifying Trust, effective behavior. these and exploring listening, Adlerian approaches their core fears, respect, and care Therapy perfect for including being are the emphasizes today's imperfect, cornerstones of a the education diverse and vulnerable, therapeutic and teaching pluralistic unpopular, or relationship of intergroup society having regrets Corey (2021). relations for because they from the past individuals are Corey (2021). and families. multicultural Corey and inclusive. (2021). Corey (2021). 2. Developing a 4

Limitations (2)

Research (1)

1. It is difficult to research some of Adler's concepts because his ideas are vague and general Corey (2021).

As part of its collaborative framework, the Allerian theory begins counseling by nonthreateningly investigating the person's hidden goals and selfideals without causing feelings of selfishness. This differs from some of the more direct theories, such as SolutionFocused, in which clients

2. He often writes transcripts of his lectures, so his written presentations are challenging to follow Corey (2021).

unique lifestyle is also a key concept, along with the idea of significance and superiority. Corey (2021).

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The approach of an Adlerian therapist does not fall into any particular set of processes. It may involve cognitive and actionoriented techniques to help clients explore and resolve practical problems Corey (2021).

are asked to describe the issue and asked how that behavior or thought has benefited them and how they plan to change it. Adlerian approaches encourage rather than question the client to explore meanings of behavior and actions. Many clients of collectivist organizations are unaware of such explorations. Individuals begin to think about personal desires and

goals for the first time at this age, causing them to feel vulnerable. Adlerian approaches allow counselors to be flexible and fluid, thus enabling them to gauge client needs and tailor their questions accordingly (Aslinia et al; 2011).

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Theoretical Approach

Existential

Founder & Date Founded

Counselor's Role (2)

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, and Irvin Yalom the 1940s and 1950s Corey (2021).

1. assisting clients to become more aware of themselves and others Corey (2021). 2. to help clients identify how they prevent themselves from fully being present Corey (2021).

1. Clients are responsible for how they conduct themselves within their current world Corey (2021).

1. Oriented toward future/goals Corey (2021). ,2.inferiority Corey (2021)..

1. In existential work, the therapist and the client must be open to the creativity of each other Corey (2021). 2. Existential practitioners should tailor their interventions to each client according to their individual needs Corey (2021).

2. As part of the therapy process, clients must decide what fears, guilt, feelings, and anxieties they will explore in 7

Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths 1. Because existential thinking takes a broad view of existence, it is relevant in working within a multicultural environment because of its broad perspective Corey (2021). 2. Presentmoment awareness, an I/Thou relationship, and courage are central to existential Therapy. In this regard, it can be successfully

Limitations (2)

Research (1)

1. Psychotherapy is often criticized because its practices and principles are not systematically described Corey (2021).

According to this study, existential group therapy effectively enhances homemakers' attitudes toward life and selfflourishing. A positive attitude toward life and self-flourishing can also be improved with existential psychotherapy. The importance and impact of existential psychotherapy can carry over to any individual or group. People involved in different issues can be helped to

2. Many existential concepts tend to seem lofty and esoteric to practitioners, both beginning and advanced, who lack a philosophical bent of mind Corey (2021).

the sessions Corey (2021).

used with various client populations and across a range of settings Corey (2021). Shortcomings 1. It may be difficult to assess the complexity of many oppressed people's factors because existential theory emphasizes the philosophical assumption of selfdetermination Corey (2021). 2. In contrast to the conventional approach, many clients today want a problem8

solve their problems better by applying the suggested therapeutic approach, as this will help them achieve better mental health and achieve a higher level of performance in life. Psychotherapists and counselors can increase spirituality among educated homemakers through this approach. (Feizi et al:2019).

oriented and structured approach to counseling Corey (2021).

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Theoretical Approach PersonCentered

Founder & Date Founded Carl Rogers In the 1940s, Corey (2021).

Counselor's Role (2)

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

1. Clients have to be responsible for their own lives, take control, and solve their 2. Counselors problems allow clients to Corey express their (2021). feelings while 2. To be keeping an eye willing to on their participate in actions Corey the (2021). therapeutic process Making positive changes in one's life is the responsibility of the client Corey (2021).

1. Selfactualization Corey (2021). 2. The need for positive regard Corey (2021).

1. Early Emphasis on Reflection of Feelings Corey (2021). 2. The Role of Assessment Corey (2021).

1. The role of a counselor is to follow the needs of the client Corey (2021).

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Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths 1. Many European countries, South America, and Japan now offer courses in person-centered philosophy and practice Corey (, 2017). 2. It is helpful to understand diverse worldviews when the personcentered approach emphasizes core conditions Corey (2021).

Limitations (2)

Research (1)

1. An overly optimistic view of people underlies this approach Corey (2021). 2. People's potential for change is overestimated, particularly when viewed in a nondirective approach Corey (2021).

A personcentered approach encourages selfawareness along with a sense of connectedness to create an outlook of unity. Consequently, unity fosters positive attitudes like hope, empathy, and respect. The development of fuller functioning, plasticity, and virtue that results from such changes in perspective promotes

well-being and develops synergistic mechanisms of selfactualization. It appears that the motor of well-being is irreducibly constituted by plasticity, functioning, and virtue, which means that each of these factors must be addressed for a practical clinical therapeutic approach. (Cloninger & Cloninger 2011).

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Founder Counselor's Role (2) Theoretical & Date Approach Founded

Client's Role (2)

CognitiveBehavioral

1. Clients are responsible for expressing concerns

Aaron T. Beck in 1960

1. It is the role of CBT therapists to help their clients discover and grow without taking on an expert role. 2. As well as challenging the client's dysfunctional thoughts, the therapist helps the client consider alternative perceptions and apply them in their daily lives. The cognitive therapist

2. Then, put that learning into practice Corey (2021).

Key Concepts (2)

1. There are some similarities between Beck's key concepts and REBT. Still, there are differences in how treatment proceeds, the formulation and treatment for different disorders, and the therapy process.

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

1. Reframing or cognitive restructuring are some of the most common techniques used in CBT. Guided discovery is another common technique. 2. Exposition is also common. Documentation of thoughts and journals is 2. During also common. Beck's Behavior psychodynamic activation and psychotherapy, activity clients with schedule Corey depression (2021). were guided to evaluate their assumptions 12

Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths

Limitations (2)

1. It is yet to be established how 1. cognitive Psychotherapists processes play can help into the process culturally of learning. A faulty cognition diverse clients fully understand is not necessarily their conflicting a cause or a emotions and consequence of values if they psychopathology. know the values that define 2. In contrast to them. the cognitive model, which 2. Because deals only with thinking, broader cognitive issues need to be behavior therapy addressed Corey considers the (2021). individual's belief system or worldview when exploring their minds, it is usually

Research (1)

Research has consistently supported CBT's effectiveness, making it one of the most used treatments worldwide, especially in treating disorders that are not treatable with drugs. The effectiveness of CBT can still be improved; in many instances, patients do not respond to CBT and relapse. The development and practice of CBT are

helps their clients understand their own beliefs by employing a structured method Corey (2021).

and beliefs and create new cognitive perspectives conducive to optimism and rehabilitation Corey (2021).

culturally sensitive Corey (2021). Shortcomings 1. Personal histories are investigated during cognitivebehavioral assessments. When a therapist does not understand the underlying cultural beliefs of the client, they may not be able to interpret the client's personal experiences correctly Corey (2021). 2. CBT is also limited by its individualistic nature from a multicultural perspective.

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evolving based on research, while many non-CBT psychotherapies haven't evolved much since their development. So, CBT can be predicted to improve psychotherapy continuously, incrementally moving the field towards integrated scientific psychotherapy. (David et al:2018).

Founder & Date Founded Choice/Reality Dr. William Glasser in 1965

Theoretical Approach

Counselor's Role (2)

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

1. In reality therapy, the counselor is to reinforce positive behavior on the client's part and to speak about it, focus on it, and discuss it with them. 2. Reality therapists help clients evaluate their actions, desires, perceptions, level of commitment, possibilities for new directions, and action plans Corey (2021).

1. A client's role is to know what is causing the difficulty or failure to change their behavior to behave more responsibly in the future Corey (2021).

1. According to choice theory, we don't satisfy our needs purely by choice Corey (2021).

1 According to reality therapy, its primary techniques and strategies are confrontation (the counselor will not allow excuses for inappropriate behavior), plans (similar to other behavior theories), being specific, and "pinning down" the client (the counselor will probe the client until the plan is wholly

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Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths 1. Cross-cultural counselors must respect their clients' differences in worldview when providing Therapy. 2. When counselors help their clients determine how satisfying their current behavior is to themselves and others, they respect their cultural values. Shortcomings 1. It is possible that reality therapy does not fully consider some very real environmental factors that operate against people from certain ethnicities in their everyday lives

Limitations (2)

Research (1)

1. Reality therapy has the significant problem of not adequately addressing the following aspects of the counseling process: the unconscious, the significance of childhood traumas, the therapeutic value of dreams, and transference. 2. The ease of understanding is one of the reasons why the application of reality

As Burns & Roszkowska point out, many social scientists have made the rational choice approach more practical, empirically relevant, and morally persuasive. Their challenge to traditional rational choice theory and mainstream economics was unprecedented. They demonstrated that the allknowing figure of the rational economist, who is frequently placed at the core of

detailed and specific) and conflict resolution Corey (2021). 2. Counseling process that incorporates cognitivebehavioral principles. Problems are explored, behaviors are evaluated, and a plan is formulated Corey (2021).

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when working with therapy may clients from these appear simple groups. Corey (2021). 2. Reality therapy also has the shortcoming that clients are often reluctant to express their needs verbally Corey (2021).

contemporary economics, is largely fictional. The human brain makes inconsistent decisions due to cognitive limitations, miscalculations, or emotional reactions to even simple sets of choices. Humans can perform suboptimal decisionmaking, even when they are given a simple set of options. In their opinion, the many recent contributions to choice theory have become fragmented due to many recent contributions from different fields.

Unfortunately, the core RCT approach has not been displaced by an integrated approach yet. The development of many other models had proven advantageous for some in the name of methodological pluralism, a very different world from that when the RCT ruled the roost (2016)

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Theoretical Approach SolutionFocused

Founder & Date Founded Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg in the late 1970s

Counselor's Role (2)

Client's Role (2)

Key Concepts (2)

Therapeutic Techniques (2)

1. Instead of developing new competencies from scratch, SFBT therapists help clients develop the abilities, skills, strengths, and skills they already possess.

1. It is assumed that the client will know their complaint about their goal and their ability to change their complaint to achieve that goal, so it is believed they will define the goal. 2. If the complaint cannot be resolved, the client is responsible for the solution.

1. many forms of psychotherapy involve language and specialized conversations. We focus on creating solutions for the client's envisioned problems through SFBT. 2. The following techniques and questions help clarify those solutions and the means of achieving them Corey (2021).

1. To test their understanding of the concept, pose preconception questions, miracle questions, scaling questions, difference questions, fast-forward questions, and relationship questions. 2. Clients are taught how to regard their problems or behaviors as external, not as something that cannot be changed within themselves. Self-identity

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Multicultural Strengths (2) Multicultural Shortcomings (2) Strengths 1. All human needs, assumptions, and needs are met by this therapy approach Corey (2021). As a result, Solution-Focused Therapy works remarkably well. 2. The ability to adapt to client needs no matter their background makes it effective for many cultures. Solution-Focused Therapy is about solving problems, and it is known for achieving positive results in five sessions Corey (2021). Shortcomings 1. These types of Therapy view their