Types of Speech Styles - Lecture notes 10-15 PDF

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Types of Speech Styles Speech style refers to the manner a person act in the midst of people in the society. Their movements depend on some issues of the conversation. There should be a mutual understanding why such conversation occur. Knowing the conversation styles can help prevent misunderstandings and arguments from happening. Unaware of the styles may, people look disrespectful infront of others. The following styles may be considered. Intimate – This is the language used by very close friends and lovers which is so private and requires significant amount of shared history, knowledge and experiences. Casual – This is the language used by friends during their ordinary conversations. The word choice is too general and the conversation is dependent upon nonverbal assists, significant knowledge and shared information. Consultative – It is known as the third level of language. Formal registers are used in this type of conversation. It is less appropriate in writing as students use this in their classroom interactions. Formal – This is standard for work, school and businesses matters. It is expected to be presented in complete sentences and with specific uses of the language. Frozen – It is also known as a fixed language. It is reserved in traditions in which the language does not change in a number of generations. This is the kind of language used when talking to strangers.

Types of Speech Act Some people don’t speak merely to exercise their vocal cords. There is always a reason why a person speaks and this reason is called communicative presumption. There a mutual belief that when a person says something to another person, the speaker expects the listener to perform an act.

Speech acts are acts of communication. To communicate is to express a certain attitude and the type of speech act being performed corresponds to the type of attitude being expressed. A. Locution - It is roughly equivalent to uttering a certain sentence with a certain meaning in the traditional sense. B. Illocution - These are utterances which have a certain conventional force such as informing, ordering, and warning. C. Perlocution – This is saying something that tries to achieve such as convincing, persuading, deterring or surprising.

Speeches According to Purpose A. Expository/ Informative Speech The purpose of expository speech is to describe, clarify, explain and define an object, idea, concept, social institution or process. B. Persuasive Speech This kind of speech aims to affect the behavior or the attitude of the audience. It further influences in making the listeners understand the speaker’s opinion and eventually accept such opinion. As a sign of acceptance, it is expected that there will be a reaction or gesture to prove it. A persuasive speech alwaus starts with a purpose termed as a proposition. It should express a want, need, aspiration, hope or a cultural goal. It may also wish to stimulate, inspire, create morale or intensify ideals.

A proposition secures acceptance of new beliefs, development of new behavior and adoption of new courses of action. It may even present relevant and significant cultural activities. C. Entertainment Speech An entertainment speech aims to put the audience in a relaxing mood through the use of situations that may create a humorous experience. This may be presented in occasions like dinner, banquets, seminars, family occasions and others.

Speeches According to Delivery A. Reading from a Manuscript This kind of speech delivery requires the speaker to prepare/ write his speech ahead of time for the occasion. It is usually speaking in broadcasting over the radio, school reports, presenting seminar papers or researches. It deprives the audience with eye contact but gives less worries for the speaker. Because the speech is read, there might be a situation of boredom and loss of attention. To avoid such, an oral reader should have a dry run/ practice on the requisites of proper reading in front of an audience. Using hand gestures, eye movements and facial expressions is also necessary. In addition, it is a must for the reader to maintain the vocal clarity of the quality of facilities used the delivery. B. Memorized Speech This kind of speech delivery is not always advantageous. This may result to forgetting and loss of more realistic expression of the ideas of the speech. It must assured that the speaker has memorized the speech word for word. There might also be a fear of feedback from the audience due to a controlled flow of ideas.

C. Impromptu Speech An impromptu speaker is deprived of ample time to prepare for his speech. He organizes his thoughts right before the actual delivery. The speech is composed even during the delivery. The speaker is expected to possess self-confidence which is enough to sustain the time required for the speech delivery. D. Extemporaneous Speech The extemporaneous speaker should be very knowledgeable in organizing his ideas in a very limited time. He prepares the outline of the given topic and ready to expound on the details while delivering the speech. He can always adjust to the reactions of his audience, whether they understand him or not. The speaker should have an ample stock of appropriate words to avoid gaps during the delivery. Such delivery must be spontaneous and naturally appealing.

Principles of Speech Writing A. Choosing the Topic When choosing a topic for a speech, the speaker should always consider the characteristics of the audience, the kind of occasion and its suitability to the situation. B. Analyzing the Audience It is very important to consider the characteristics of the audience in the preparation of a speech. A speaker should be informed of the following details about the details: 

Age

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Sex

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Race

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Family Status

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Economic Status

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Educational Status

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Community

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Occupation

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Religion

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Political Inclination

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Memberships in different organizations

C. Sourcing the Information A good speaker is expected to really meditate and reflect on the topic to be delivered but should not solely depend on his own stocked knowledge. It is recommended to go beyond what he knows so as to widen the scope and authenticity of his ideas. He should reservoir of information in order to expound the topic excellently and be comprehensively ready to respond to questions that the audience might ask. Some sources of information are available manually or electronically. Information may be gathered through the following: 

Conversations – These can be done by interviewing people who have personal experiences on the topic.

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Investigations – These are sources of data by observing procedures and practices to determine what are being done and how they are done.

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Readings - These can be done in libraries wherein the availability of materials is really abundant.

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Brainstorming – This means gathering ideas and information through resource persons or persons who are experts on the topic of the speech.

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Mass Media – Television and radio programs, the internet are reliable sources of information for speech. As known by all, these sources are very rich in terms of ideas, information and facts.

D. Outlining and Organizing the Speech Contents A speech outlinw is the blueprint or framework of any speech. It sets the thought pattern of a speaker’s ideas. It aids the speaker to have a clear view the arrangement of ideas and facts with eliminating unnecessary ones.

Effective Speech Delivery 

Makes full use of both the visible and audible codes

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Is adapted to the total speaking situation

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Is sincere

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Is modest and unassuming

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Is confident and assured

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Does not attract attention to itself

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Is enthusiastic and animated

Some Tips for Effective Speech Delivery 1. Direct eye contact with your audience to show interest in them 2. Facial expression should be on the happy side 3. Hands should be relaxed 4. Check your visual posture 5. Have a positive attitude 6. Speak with an audible voice, good diction, pronunciation, and enunciation 7. Deliver your speech with a plomb. Don’t’s in Speech Delivery 1. Making faces 2. Giggling 3. Wetting lips frequently 4. Putting tongue out

5. Cracking knuckles 6. Putting hands in pockets 7. Fiddling with buttons, ball pens, keys, coins, etc 8. Constantly shifting from one foot to another 9. Swaying side to side, socking backward and forward 10. Feet too wide apart or too close to each other 11. Putting thumbs under the belt 12. Staring at ceiling, floor or wall...