5-2 SCS discussion PDF

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SCS 100 5-2 Discussion The past and Present of the Social Sciences -1952 birth of technology, 1st use of word technology in 1829 -No neanderthal fossils older than 40 years old Psychodynamic- why did you forget? Perhaps there was conflict or some desire to avoid, who we are as adults was decided in our infancy (Freud). We are who we are because of what we experienced in our infancy. Unconsciously determined behaviors. Neuroscience- biological processes, endocrine system, immune, neurotransmitters play a role in disorders, physiological processes that affect behavior. Humanistic- free will, choose our direction in life, individual seen as basically good, individual can grow and reach their full potential, control of our own life, different study because it doesn’t assume that we are driven by unconscious or psychoanalytical forces, we are riven by our own choices. Cognitive- mechanisms of thought and properties of thought, automatic processes and control processes, intuition perform effortlessly, automatic processes are conservative and could not be helpful in a world that is changing rapidly. Controlled processes have a limited capacity and have a tendency to oversimplify the world. Behavioral- objective stance, we can’t know what’s going on but can observe environmental reactions and stimuli and control the stimuli and consequences for behaviors. Highly individualistic, how and organism responds to its stimuli and environment 1925 Menninger Clinic founded Charles Frederick Menninger and his sons Karl Augustus and William Clair found The Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas. They take a compassionate approach to the treatment of mental illness, emphasizing both psychological and psychiatric disciplines. 1938 Electroconvulsive therapy began Italian psychiatrist and neuropathologist Ugo Cerletti and his associates treat human patients with electrical shocks to alleviate schizophrenia and psychosis. ECT, while controversial, is proven effective in some cases and is still in use in 2001. When reviewing the timeline for history in psychology and the different perspectives, two stood out to me- 1925 when the Menninger Clinic was founded by Charles F. Menninger for a more compassionate approach and treatment of mental illness, and 1938 when Ugo Cerletti started treating mentally ill patients with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). I found it interesting that the idea of compassionate care for mentally ill individuals came 45 years after the birth of the first psychology lab in 1879; from what I know from this time period, the idea of mental illness was foreign and misunderstood. I also found it interesting that after the Menninger clinic opened in 1925 aiming to have a more empathetic approach with mental health and 13 years later, ECT began to take place in 1938 to alleviate illnesses such a schizophrenia and psychosis… seems a

bit counterproductive in my opinion although I understand that at the time, psychologists believed ECT was a moral and potentially effective treatment for mental illnesses. I believe the birth of the Menninger Clinic in 1925 and the concept that mental illness should be treated with empathy and compassion was an important factor that has influenced the way psychology and social science is analyzed and understood. From what I understand from early psychology, the idea of mental illness was still foreign, misunderstood and socially rejected. I believe that this viewpoint on mental illness had a major impact on the social stigmas and overall acceptance of psychological illnesses. The concept that mentally ill individuals needed help and could be studied instead of being outcasts and burdens to society, influenced growth in mental health care....