Abdomen Anatomy 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Abdomen Anatomy 1...

Description

Anatomy 1

LO Define and identify the boundaries of the abdominal cavity 

Superior Boundary: The diaphragm.

 

Inferior Borders: The Pelvic Brim. Posterior Boundary: Lumbar Vertebrae, and Quadratus Lumborum and Transverse Abdominis muscles. Anterolateral Borders: The muscles of abdominal wall: transversus abdominis, and internal and external oblique muscle.



LO Identify and describe the location of the 9 regions and 4 quadrants of the abdomen

LO Identify the fasciae and muscles of the antero-lateral abdominal wall 

Muscles - External oblique - Internal oblique - Transversus abdominis - Rectus abdominis – 6 pack. Not deep to the others.



Fascia - Camper’s fascia – fatty layer - Scarpa’s fascia – membranous layer - Transversalis fascia

Anatomy 1

Describe the principal arterial supply and venous drainage of the antero-lateral abdominal wall Arterial supply: 

 

Superior epigastric vessels and branches of the musculophrenic vessels from the internal thoracic vessels. Inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac vessels from the external iliac vessels. Superficial circumflex iliac and superficial vessels from the femoral artery and greater saphenous vein, respectively.

Anatomy 1 

Posterior intercostal vessels of the 11th intercostal space and anterior branches of subcostal vessels.

Venous drainage    

Superiorly – internal thoracic vein medially Laterally – Lateral thoracic vein Inferiorly - superficial and inferior epigastric veins, tributaries of the femoral and external iliac veins. Thoraco-epigastric vein may exist or develop between superficial epigastric vein and lateral thoracic vein.

LO Describe the lymphatic drainage of the anterior abdominal wall 





Superficial lymphatic vessels accompany the subcutaneous veins; those superior to the transumbilical plane drain mainly to the axillary lymph nodes. However, a few drain to the parasternal lymph nodes. Superficial lymphatic vessels inferior to the transumbilical plane drain to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Deep lymphatic vessels accompany the deep veins of the abdominal wall and drain to the, common iliac, external iliac, and right and left lumbar lymph nodes.

Anat

LO Describe the loca Deep inguinal ring 

Located at the mid-point of the inguinal ligament – this ligament spans the distance between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine

Structures passing through the deep inguinal ring:  Vas deferens and testicular aa. and vv.  Round ligament of the uterus

Superficial inguinal ring 

The superficial inguinal ring is located superior to the pubic tubercle.

Structures passing through the superficial inguinal ring:  

Spermatic cord Round ligament of the uterus

Boundaries:

Anatomy 1

Roof: fibres of internal oblique m. and transversus abdominis m. Anterior wall: external oblique aponeurosis

Posterior wall: conjoint tendon medially; transversalis fascia laterally

Floor: lower edge of inguinal ligament

DR1 – The abdomen Describe the features of the lumbar vertebrae and the lumbar spine

Anatomy 1       

Vertebral body Transverse processes Pedicles Laminae Spinous process Superior and inferior articular processes Vertebral canal

Identify the following bony landmarks: xiphoid process, costal margin, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, pubic symphysis, pubic tubercle and pubic crest

Xiphoid process

Anatomy 1

Identify the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

Anatomy 1

Anatomy 1

Identify the rectus sheath along the length of the rectus abdominis muscles and identify the rectus abdominis muscles



Arcuate line – between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

Above the arcuate line, the rectus sheath is made up of: Anteriorly 

Aponeurosis of the external oblique and anterior part of the internal oblique aponeurosis.

Posteriorly  Posterior part of the internal oblique and the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis.

Below the arcuate line, the rectus sheath is made up of: Anteriorly  Aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis. Posteriorly  Transversalis fascia

Nerves – between the internal oblique and transversalis fascia. Lower 6 thoracic nerves (T7-12) and L1 innervates anterior abdominal wall muscles. Rectus abdominis – Lower 6 thoracic nerves.

Inguinal ligament – formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique. Blood vessels (inferior epigastric) – between rectus abdominis and transversalis fascia.

Anatomy 1

Describe the boundaries of the inguinal canal Inguinal ligament - from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle    

Anteriorly – aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle Posteriorly – conjoint tendon of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis medially, transversalis fascia laterally. Roof – transversus abdominis muscle, internal oblique muscle. Floor – lower edge of the inguinal ligament.

Describe the anatomy of the inguinal canal in the male and in the female 



Male - Deep inguinal ring – vas deferens, testicular aa and vv. - Superficial inguinal ring – spermatic cord Female – round ligament of the uterus....