Amboss 2021 ENAM Study Guide. Preparación para el examen ENAM PDF

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Preparacion para el examen ENAM . Plan de estudios AMBOSS. Preparación para el examen ENAM en Perú. Lecture Notes. Apuntes para el examen...

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ENAM Study Guide 2021

Table of Contents Welcome to AMBOSS! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Internal Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

1. Cardiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

2. Pulmonology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

3. Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

4. Hepatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

5. Nephrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

6. Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

7. Rheumatology and Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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8. Hematology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

9.InfectiousDiseases.................................

   17

10. Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

11.Dermatology...................................

22

12. Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

13. Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 14. Medical Law, Ethics, Epidemiology and Public Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.NeonatologyandChildDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

 24

   26 27

2. Cardiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3. Pulmonology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4. Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

5. Endocrinology and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   29 6. Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   29 7. Hematology and Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

2

Table of Contents 8.InfectiousDiseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

9. Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31

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10.CriticalCare.................................... 31

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11.CongenitalandInheritedDisorders.......................... 32

Obstetrics & Gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Obsterics & Gynecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  34

36

1. Principles of Surgery, Trauma and Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    37 2. Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   37 

3.GastrointestinalSurgery...............................

 38

4. Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  40

5. Thyroid Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 6. Orthopedics Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 

7.Dermatology.................................... 44 8. Ear, Nose and Throat, and Head and Neck Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45 9. Opthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46

Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48

External Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Public Health, Ethics, Research and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3

Welcome to AMBOSS! Are you preparing for the “Examen Nacional de Medicina” (ENAM) - Peru? AMBOSShasdevelopedthisStudyGuidebasedontheNationalofficialASPEFAMcontentspecification,forYOU. Createdbyateamofdedicatedphysicians,AMBOSSisaninteractivelibraryof20,000+medicaltopicsinter-linkedwith aQuestionBankthatcontainsover5,000clinicalcase-basedquestions.Withallthenecessaryresourcesinoneplace, AMBOSSdeliversup-to-datemedicalknowledgetostudents,physicians,andfacultyaroundtheworld.Mostimportantly, allofourcontentispeer-reviewedandregularlyupdatedtoreflectthelatestresearchfindingsbyateamofnearly100 expertphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.Thismeansthat,withAMBOSS,you’llalwayshavethehighestqualitymedical knowledge at your fingertips. TheAMBOSSENAMStudyGuideisacomprehensivechecklistofallthetopicscandidatesmustknowbeforesittingthe exam.Tousethisresourceforyourstudies,clickoneachtopicandyouwillbedirectedtotheassignedarticlesfromthe AMBOSSlibrary.Fromthearticles,youwillalsobeabletoaccessthecorrespondingquestionsintheAMBOSSQbank.

Click here to open libraryarticles

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WerecommendthatallcandidatesreadtheofficialASPEFAMExaminationSpecificationsbeforecommencingyourstudies. Link Here LinkstoimportantPeruvianguidelinesandclinicalresourcesareincludedintheStudyGuide. WithAMBOSS,you’llbeabletostudyforyourexamsonline,butyoucanalsoaccessourstudyresourcesofflinebydownloadingtheAMBOSSKnowledgeLibraryorQBankapplicationforAndroidandiOS.

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Finally,theAMBOSSteamisheretosupportyou.Ifyouhavequestions,suggestionsorcomments,pleasedonothesitate to contact us at [email protected]. Happy studying!

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Internal Medicine

1. Cardiology 2. Pulmonology 3. Gastroenterology 4. Hepatology 5. Nephrology 6. Endocrinology 7. Rheumatology and  Immunology 8. Hematology 9. Infectious diseases 10. Neurology 11. Dermatology 12. Oncology 13. Pharmacology 14. Medical Law, Ethics, Epidemiology and Public Health

1. Cardiology Theme

Topic

Cardiovascular examination

Cardiovascularexamination

Coronary artery disease

Principles of coronary artery disease Acute coronary syndrome

Heart failure

Congestiveheartfailure

Arrhythmias and ECG

Overviewofcardiacarrhythmias(Cardiacarrhythmias) ECG Atrialfibrillation Paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia Ventricular tachycardia Ventricularfibrillation Ventricular premature beats Syncope Supraventricularprematurebeats Sick sinus syndrome Atrioventricularblock

Hypertension

Hypertension

Valvular Heart Diseases

Valvularheartdiseases

Cardiological infections

Infectiveendocarditis Rheumaticfever

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy

Pericardial disease and myocarditis

Pericarditis Myocarditis Pericardialeffusionandcardiactamponade

Angiology

Chronicvenousdisease Peripheral arterial disease

6

1. Cardiology Theme

Topic

Cardiac drugs

Antiplateletagents Oralanticoagulants Parenteralanticoagulation

7

2. Pulmonology Theme

Topic

Pulmonary examination and investigations

Pulmonaryexamination Pulmonaryfunctiontesting Arterial blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry

Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Asthma Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease Bronchiectasis CysticFibrosis

Respiratory infections

Pneumonia Acutebronchitis Tuberculosis

Lung cancer

Lung cancer

Pulmonary vascular disease

Pulmonary embolism Deepveinthrombosis

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale

Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale

Interstital pulmonary disease

Interstitiallungdisease

Pneumoconiosis

Sarcoidosis Asbestosis Silicosis Rare pneumoconioses

Atelectasis

Atelectasis

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Pleura and mediastinal disorders

Pneumothorax Pleuraleffusion

Environmental pathology

Acuteandhigh-altitudepulmonaryedema

8

2. Pulmonology Theme

Topic

Allergies, anaphylaxis

Hypersensitivityandanaphylacticreactions Hypersensitivitypneumonitis

9

3. Gastroenterology Theme

Topic

Approach to the patient with digestive bleeding

Gastrointestinalbleeding Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

Pepticulcerdisease Gastroesophagealrefluxdisease(GERD) Atrophicgastritis

Diseases of the bowel

Crohn disease Ulcerativecolitis Irritable bowel syndrome Celiac disease Lactose intolerance Malabsorption Diverticulardisease

Diseases of the Pancreas

Acutepancreatitis Chronicpancreatitis PancreaticCarcinoma

Peritonitis

Peritonitis

GIT drugs

Proton pump inhibitors

10

4. Hepatology Theme

Topic

Jaundice and cholestasis

Jaundice and cholestasis

Diseases of the liver

Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Ascites Alcoholicliverdisease Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis

HepatitisA HepatitisB HepatitisC Autoimmunehepatitis

Diseases of the gall bladder and biliary tract

Cholelithiasis,choledocholithiasis,cholecystitis,andcholangitis

11

5. Nephrology Theme

Topic

Approach to the patient with urinary abnormalities

Edema Diagnosticevaluationofthekidneyandurinarytract Dehydration

Acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury

Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease

Glomerular disease

Glomerular diseases Poststreptococcalglomerulonephritis Rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis Nephroticsyndrome Nephriticsyndrome Proteinuria

Renal tubular disorders

Renal tubular disorders

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Sodium disorders Disordersofpotassiumbalance Disordersofcalciumbalance

Diabetes insipidus

Diabetesinsipidus Syndromeofinappropriateantidiuretichormonesecretion(SIADH)

Acid-base disorders

Acid-base disorders Renal replacement therapy

12

6. Endocrinology Theme

Topic

Metabolic bone disorders

Laboratoryevaluationofbonedisease Osteoporosis

Thyroid disorders

Antithyroiddrugs Goiter Thyroidantibodies Hyperthyroidism Hypothyroidism Hashimoto’sthyroiditis Subacutethyroiditis

Parathyroid disorders

Hyperparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetesmellitus Antidiabeticdrugs Insulin Hyperglycemic crises Hypoglycemia

Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome Second-line lipid-lowering agents

Adrenal diseases

Adrenalinsufficiency Cushing’s syndrome Pheochromocytoma

Hypothalamus and pituitary disease

Hypopituitarism Hyperprolactinemia Acromegaly

Endocrine neoplasia

Insulinoma Multipleendocrineneoplasia

13

7. Rheumatology and Immunology Theme

Topic

Principles of immunology and rheumatology

Autoantibodiesinrheumaticdiseases Feverandinflammation Hypersensitivityreactions

Degenerative joint disease

Osteoarthritis

Systemic conntective tissue disease

Rheumatoidarthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Connectivetissuediseases Sjögren’s Syndrome Systemic sclerosis (Scleroderma)

Gout

Gout and hyperuricemia

Seronegative rheumatic disease

Seronegativespondyloarthropathies Ankylosingspondylitis Reactivearthritis(Reitersyndrome)

Myositis

Inflammatorymyopathies

Vasculitides

Vasculitides Kawasaki disease Giantcellarteritis(Temporalarteritis) Granulomatosiswithpolyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis) Thromboangiitisobliterans Raynaud phenomenon

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia

14

8. Hematology Theme

Topic

Basics of haematology

Basics of hematology Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin

Anemias

Anemia Irondeficiencyanemia Hemolyticanemia Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenasedeficiency Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia Folatedeficiency(VitaminB9deficiency) Hemolyticuremicsyndrome(HUS)

Proliferative blood disorders

Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphomas Mycosis fungoides MALT lymphoma Acute leukemia Chronic myeloid leukemia Chroniclymphocyticleukemia Myelodysplasticsyndromes Myeloproliferativeneoplasms Polycythemiavera Multiplemyeloma

15

8. Hematology Theme

Topic

Coagulation and bleeding disorders

Hemostasis and bleeding disorders Hemophilia Antiphospholipidsyndrome

Platelet and vascular wall disorders

Thrombocytopenia Thromboticthrombocytopenicpurpura

16

9. Infectious diseases Theme

Topic

Vaccination and immunization

Vaccination

The flu

Influenza

Sepsis and septic shock

Sepsis Shock

Hospital acquired infections

Nosocomialinfections

Viruses

Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV) Herpesvirusinfections Coxsackievirusinfections Infectiousmononucleosis/EpsteinBarrVirus

Immunosuppression

Immunosuppressants Pneumocystispneumonia Aspergillosis

Sexually transmitted diseases

Sexuallytransmittedinfections Chlamydiainfections Syphilis Gonorrhea Chancroid Cytomegalovirusinfection Herpessimplexvirusinfections

Legionnaires disease

Legionellosis

17

9. Infectious diseases Theme

Topic

Zoonoses and arthropod-borne infections

Collectionofzoonoticdiseases Lyme disease (Borreliosis…) Typhoidfever,Paratyphoidfever Leptospirosis Diphtheria Listeriosis Dengue Malaria Toxoplasmosis Yellowfever Zikavirusinfection Brucellosis Rabies

Parasitic infections

Leishmaniasis Helminthinfections Chagas disease Echinococcosis

Diarrhea, gastroenteritis and food borne gastric infections

Diarrhea Foodpoisoning Bacterialgastroenteritis Norovirusinfection Rotavirusinfection Botulism DiarrheagenicE.coli Clostridiumdifficileinfection Amebiasis Giardiasis

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9. Infectious diseases Theme

Topic

Infectious disease drugs

Overviewofantibiotictherapy Antiviralagents Antifungals Chloroquineandhydroxychloroquine

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10. Neurology Theme

Topic

Neurological examination

Neurologicalexamination

Approach to the patient with headache

Headache Migraine Tension headaches

Coma

Mentalstateexamination

Cranial nerve disorders

Cranialnervepalsies Trigeminal neuralgia Facialnervepalsy/Bellpalsy

Movement disorders

Parkinson disease Parkinson-plus syndromes MedicationforParkinsondisease Huntington‘sdisease Dystonia Tremor Spasticity VitaminB12deficiency

Infections of nervous system

Meningitis Herpessimplexencephalitis

Peripheral neuropathies

Mediannerveneuropathy Neuralgic amyotrophy Carpal tunnel syndrome Peripheralnerveinjuries Polyneuropathy Radial neuropathies Ulnarnerveentrapment

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10. Neurology Theme

Topic

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Muscular dystrophies

Progressivemusculardystrophie

Seizure disorders and epilepsy

Seizuredisorders Focalseizuresandsyndromes

Cerebrovascular disorders

Stroke Locked-in syndrome Epidural hematoma Subdural hematoma Subarachnoid hemorrhage Intracerebral hemorrhage

Traumatic brain injury

Traumaticbraininjury

Neurological tumors and neoplasms

Brain tumors Astrocytoma Meningioma Acousticneuroma Neoplasticmeningitis

Intracranial pathology

Elevatedintracranialpressureandbrainherniation Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus

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11. Dermatology Theme

Topic

Principles of dermatology Principles of dermatology

Benign skin lesions Collectionofdermatologicaldisorders Precancerous skin lesions Melanoma

Skin cancers Squamouscellcarcinoma Basal cell carcinoma (Basalioma) Shingles Molluscum contagiosum Impetigo Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Dermatophyteinfections Skin and soft tissue infections Tineaversicolor(Pityriasisversicolor) Scabies Liceinfestation Erythrasma Candidiasis Dermatitis

Seborrheicdermatitis

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11. Dermatology Theme

Topic

Acneiform Eruptions

Acnevulgaris

Papulosquamous Diseases

Lichen planus Pityriasis rosea Psoriasis Parapsoriasis

Heritable conditions

Vitiligo

Other

Stevens-Johnsonsyndrome Photodermatoses Angioedema Erythema nodosum Erythemamultiforme

12. Oncology Theme

Topic

Principles of oncology

General oncology

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13. Pharmacology Theme

Topic

Fundamentals of pharmacology
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