Cog4 Concept Map Ch 01 PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Cog4 Concept Map Ch 01 PDF

Description

CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind SScope c ope o g n it io n ope of o f CCognition 䉴 Everyday examples—include memory, learning, and language 䉴 A case study in cognitive psychology—amnesia in H. M.

Brief History AB r ie f H is t o r y 䉴 Introspection—19th- century approach to cognition based on self- reflection and observation Introspection pros first scientific approach Introspection cons limited as a research tool, not objective, and not testable 䉴 Behaviorism—a focus on observable behavior that was very popular in the first half of the 20th century Description focus on input and output, learning history, and behaviors Cons unseen mental events affect behavior, and these should be studied 䉴 Cognitive revolution—a new focus on unobservable events appearing in the late 20th century Kant: transcendental method begin with observable facts and move backward Psychology as a science cognitive process cannot be observed directly and must be mea sured indirectly, with a focus on interpreting observable consequences like reaction times and errors

Re Wo ing M emor y EExample amp le Research: Working Memory Res sea r c h : Wor r k ing emo x amp 䉴 Observations about our short-term working memory (WM) storage Size WM is limited in its capacity Access immediate Testing can be done through span tests; WM span for most people is about 7 or 8 䉴 Multicomponent model Central executive Articulatory loop Phonological buffer

the boss; involved in interpretation and analysis of information in working memory one of the central executive’s assistants; responsible for the storage of phonological stimuli serves the articulatory loop by providing brief storage for auditory images

䉴 Evidence for multicomponent model Concurrent articulation articulating two verbal stimuli at the same time; leads to blockage of articulatory loop use Separate components there are different lines of evidence that support separate WM helpers

䉴

䉴

䉴 䉴

Sound-alike errors— eliminated with concurrent articulation Visual shapes— cannot be rehearsed via articulatory loop and are not affected by concurrent articulation Storage loop— only stores and does not engage in sophisticated operations; thus it should not be affected by concurrent articulation (continued)

䉴 Nature of evidence Behavioral Cognitive neuroscience Unique populations Multiple lines of evidence

includes response times and errors the study of the biological basis for cognition; includes the study of people with trauma or cognitive disorders for example, people who are born deaf it is important to gather evidence from multiple sources, because other explanations are possible

䉴 WM in a broader context—WM is important to many of our daily functions, and it also

provides an example of how evidence is obtained and theories are developed in cognitive psychology...