Criticism on RNR model - Vorlesungsnotizen Zusammenfassung Soziologie PDF

Preview

Summary

Zusammenfassung Soziologie...

Description

Criticism on RNR model It is problem-oriented: pure focus on risk factors, not on strengths of people. It focuses on problems regarding motivation and commitment to treatment. There is no attention to the needs of the patients, but it solely focuses on reducing risk. Little focus on patient’s responsivity and motivation for treatment. Too little focus on patient-therapist relationship. Focusing only on what is wrong with patients is not effective. ‘One-size-fits-all’ approach. There is no attention to personal identity. Positive psychology approach The Good Lives Model (GLM) comes from the positive psychology perspective and is a constructive approach that is based on a person’s strengths. It is based on the work of Seligman, who stated that it is of great importance to ‘amplify strengths of clients rather than repair their weaknesses’. The basic idea of the GLM is that the skills to obtain primary social goods (e.g. affection) need to be improved. This will eventually lead to subjective well-being. The way in which criminal offenders obtain their primary social goods is very different from the way other people do it. This is what makes them criminal → e.g. gaining affection (primary social good) via raping is an antisocial approach to achieving this goal. → e.g. gaining high social status (primary social good) via antisocial behavior is not the right approach. Primary goods There are various primary goods: Life (e.g. healthy living and functioning) Knowledge Excellence in play Excellence in work (e.g. mastery experiences) Agency (i.e. autonomy and self-directedness) Inner peace (i.e. freedom from emotional turmoil and stress) Friendship (e.g. intimate, romantic, and family relationships) Community (connection to wider social groups) Spirituality (in the broad sense of finding meaning and purpose in life) Happiness (feeling good in the here and now) Creativity These primary social goods can be achieved via secondary social goods. → e.g. listening to music (secondary) can help me find inner peace(primary). → e.g. using drugs (secondary) can help me find inner peace (primary). As illustrated by the examples above, there are different ways to achieve primary goods (in this example inner peace). 4 markers of the GLM There are 4 markers of the GLM: Positive approach based on offenders’ strengths. Risk factors (criminogenic needs) are still important, but they are seen as disruptions in internal and external conditions for realizing (psychosocial) goods. → e.g. if you are very impulsive (internal disruption), you will always choose for the immediate option, which is not always the best one. If you were more patient, you would ultimately choose a better option. → e.g. if you get kicked out of school (external disruption), it will be harder to get a decent job because you do not have a diploma. It signifies which skills and capacities are necessary for initiating treatment (treatment readiness). What is necessary to be able to appropriately start treatment? What is necessary to be able to keep treatment going? (e.g. motivation) Attitude of therapist towards patients and patient-therapist relationship (therapeutic alliance).

Effectivity GLM GLM programs show similar results as the RNR programs. There is, however, some support for the GLM: More commitment during treatment. Heightened motivation. Less patient drop-out. Patients feel valued, because they are not viewed as criminals (while this is the case in other contexts like school, work, etc.) Heightened satisfaction among therapists. Are there structured ways to assess the consistency with the GLM approach? No, but it has many promising aspects, for example the focus on primary goods. However, the definition of primary goods can be difficult. Criticism from RNR Main point: everything that is in the GLM is already present in the RNR model....