Developmental Psychology – Exam 4 Study Guide PDF

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Spring 2017 - Developmental Psych...

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Developmental Psychology – Exam 4 Study Guide 1. Puberty a. Secular trend – children are starting earlier and earlier with how they act (***know more about it) 2. Two Systems that start off sexual changes/maturity a. Adrenal androgens (know what it is) i. Produced by adrenal glands 1. Program aspects of puberty a. Promote growth of hair; influence skin change b. HPG Axis (Hypothalamic, Pituitary, Gonad) i. Know the cycle ii. Look at picture of the cycle in the book (notice certain things that influence timing of maturity) 1. Life stress, body weight, nutrition level (body fat), light/climate, genetics, growth 3. Primary Sexual Changes a. Has to do with reproduction 4. **Secondary Sexual Characteristic a. Growth spurt, chest growth, beard/hair growth 5. Growth Spurt (shows when puberty will start) 6. Understand Development of Boys a. Penis, growth spurt, voice 7. **Seeing development in girls a. Girls that are overweight may start period later b. Early maturing girls  want to be like older girls, get into trouble trying to act older, disconnect from school, unprotected sex i. Body conscious 8. Parents: need to talk to kids about puberty before the kid starts it so they will understand it better and not panic 9. Eating disorders – distorted body image a. Anorexia nervosa: starvation b. Bulimia: binge eating and forced vomiting c. Risk factors: i. Anxious, low self esteem 10. Sexual desire a. Starts as early as 9 b. Starts with people looking at their developing body 11. Double standard a. Men have greater sexual standard/freedom than women

G. Stanley Hall Came up with the name adolescence

“storm and stress” teenagers are more emotional than adults (not crazy, just emotional) more risk takers emotional sensitivity Theories Kohlberg’s famous problem: the Heinz Dilemma (only one question) Know: preconventional conventional post conventional Elkin (Adolescent Egocentrism) Talked a lot about teenage egocentrism (at 2 but shows up against in adolescence) Idea that everybody watches them (imanginary audience) Personal fable (believe they are unique in the world; nothing can happen to them; nothing can hurt them) Teenagers that have the most trouble are the ones who haven’t learned to control their emotions (at-risk teens) Brains are not mature yet  making poor choices (the CJ system is looking at that; part of teenage life where the teenagers make choices) Adolescence limited turmoil: antisocial behavior during the teenage years Parents Do a lot of listening and balancing Listening: even when teenagers rebel, they need their parents to parent Parents are there to help guide you, not be your best friend Sleep Cycle (circadian rhythm) moves when you become a teenager and you stay up later; effects learning ability Physiological thing (doesn’t mean bad parenting) Parent conflict – reaches peak in the middle of puberty, then eases off (as it eases off teenager becomes more harmonious with parent = gets license, moving away, going to college) Spending more time away from your parents but they have been preparing you for the world your whole life (going on your own and making your own decisions is the toughest thing you’ll go through) Cliques/Crowds How you start off: unisex cliques to crowds to mixed sex cliques to romantic partners Deviancy Training (bad boys teach other to be bad)...