Exam 2018, questions and answers PDF

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?

1)

B) visceral sensory division C) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system) D) somatic motor division 2) You feel a mosquito land on your arm. This stimulus is carried to the central nervous system (CNS) by the: A) visceral sensory division. B) visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system). C) somatic motor division.

2)

3) The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are divisions of the: A) somatic motor division. B) visceral sensory division.

3)

D) somatic sensory division. 4) Which division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) detects stimuli and carries them to the central nervous system (CNS)? B) autonomic C) motor D) sympathetic

4)

5) What is the outermost connective tissue covering of a nerve? A) perineurium B) epimysium C) endoneurium

5)

6) Mixed nerves house: A) sensory neurons only. C) somatic neurons only.

6) B) D) motor neurons only.

7) Which of the following houses motor neurons? A) posterior root of spinal nerve C) posterior root ganglion

7) D) central canal of the spinal cord

8) What connective tissue sheath wraps the axon of a neuron? A) perineurium C) epineurium 9) Bundles of axons within a nerve are known as: . C) the endoneurium.

8) D) fascicle 9)

B) the perineurium. D) dendrites.

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10) Where is the motor response initiated? A) cranial nerves

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C) spinal nerves D) lower motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) 11) What is the name of cranial nerve VIII? A) trigeminal nerve

11) B) glossopharyngeal nerve D) facial nerve

12) The vagus nerve is represented by Roman numeral: . B) XII. C) I.

12) D) V.

13) Which cranial nerve is generally thought of as a mixed nerve? A) accessory nerve (XI) C) hypoglossal nerve (XII) D) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

13)

14) Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in eye movement? A) abducens nerve (VI) B) trochlear nerve (IV) C) oculomotor nerve (III)

14)

15) The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all of the following EXCEPT: A) facial nerve (VII). B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX). . D) trigeminal nerve (V).

15)

16) Which cranial nerve detects smell? A) optic nerve (II) C) trochlear nerve (IV)

16) D) oculomotor nerve (III)

17) An inability to swallow indicates a problem with the: A) olfactory nerve (I). B) accessory nerve (XI) or hypoglossal nerve (XII). C) trochlear nerve (IV) or abducens nerve (VI).

17)

18) Ms. Parker has damage to the sensory root of the facial nerve (VII). Which of the following symptoms matches this information? A) inability to elevate the mandible B) inability to smell D) inability to swallow

18)

19) Loss of balance and equilibrium can indicate damage to the: A) accessory nerve (XI). C) trochlear nerve (IV). D) hypoglossal nerve (XII).

19)

20) The geniculate ganglion is one of several ganglia that house cell bodies of the sensory root of the: A) vagus nerve (X). B) trigeminal nerve (V). D) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).

20)

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21) What specific spinal nerve branch controls the movement of rectus abdominis, a skeletal muscle on the anterior surface of the body? A) posterior root C) posterior ramus D) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

21)

22) Which of the following is INCORRECT about the numbers of spinal nerves? A) 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves B) 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves D) 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves

22)

23) Which of the following parts of a spinal nerve carries sensory information only? A) posterior ramus B) anterior root C) anterior ramus

23)

24) The anterior root and posterior root fuse to form a(n): A) posterior (dorsal) root ganglion. C) posterior horn. D) anterior horn.

24)

25) A network of nerves is known as a: A) ramus. B) horn.

25) C) root.

D) plexus.

26) During a boxing match, Sammy was hit on the side of the neck. He stopped breathing temporarily due to damage to the: A) lumbar plexus. B) sacral plexus. D) brachial plexus.

26)

27) Which plexus provides motor and sensory innervation to the upper limb? A) lumbar plexus B) cranial plexus C) sacral plexus

27) D)

28) The phrenic nerve is a member of the: A) sacral plexus.

D) brachial plexus.

28) .

C) lumbar plexus.

29) Which of the following does NOT belong to the brachial plexus? B) median nerve C) ulnar nerve D) musculocutaneous nerve

29)

30) Striking the "funny" bone is actually stimulation (or injury) to the: A) axillary nerve. B) median nerve. C) radial nerve.

30)

31) Which muscle or muscle group is served by the femoral nerve? A) hamstring group B) gluteus maximus C) gastrocnemius

31)

32) The longest and largest nerve in the body belongs to the sacral plexus and is known as the: A) common fibular nerve. B) axillary nerve. C) femoral nerve.

32)

33) Olfactory receptors depolarize in response to an odorant, turning a stimulus into an electrical signal. This conversion is known as: A) adaptation. B) repolarization. . D) propagation.

33)

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d

34) Sensory transduction occurs in: A) CNS interneurons. C) upper motor neurons.

34) B) lower motor neurons. .

35) Sensory receptors that adapt to stimuli after a certain period of time are: A) thermoreceptors. C) slowly adapting receptors. D) nociceptors.

35)

36) The stretch of a full urinary bladder is detected by a(n): A) thermoreceptor. C) exteroceptor. D) photoreceptor.

36)

37) Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: A) proprioceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) photoreceptors.

37)

38) Photo

38) B) nose.

C) mouth.

D) ear.

39) Your wrap your hands around a warm cup of hot chocolate. This sensation is detected by a: A) hair follicle receptor. B) photoreceptor. C) chemoreceptor.

39)

40) Which mechanoreceptor detects deep pressure? A) Ruffini ending

40) B) Merkel cell fiber D) tactile corpuscle

41) Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations? A) smell B) light C) temperature

41)

42) The speed of nerve impulse transmission through the axon of a sensory neuron will be quickest in: A) axons with a greater receptive field. B) a small-diameter, unmyelinated axon. C) axons that adapt to stimuli. .

42)

43) A typical somatic sensory neuron is classified as a: . C) third-order neuron.

43) B) second-order neuron. D) lower neuron.

44) A test known as two-point discrimination threshold measures: A) the type of sensory neuron serving a region of skin. B) the type of mechanoreceptor being stimulated. . D) the amount of pressure we can sustain before feeling pain.

44)

45) Regions of skin supplied by a spinal nerve for somatic sensation are known as: A) the ABCDE rule. B) the rule of nines. C) lines of cleavage.

45)

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46) Ms. Carroll went to her doctor's office with pain in her right shoulder blade and learned she was having a gallbladder attack. You're not surprised to hear about the unusual location of her pain since it is known as: A) the receptive field. B) chronic pain. C) phantom limb pain.

46)

47) Visceral pain may be perceived as cutaneous pain, a phenomenon known as: A) slowly adapting reception. C) the receptive field. D) phantom limb pain.

47)

48) What part of the nervous system integrates and interprets information from PNS sensory neurons? A) sensory (afferent) division B) somatic nervous system (SNS)

48)

D) visceral motor division, or autonomic nervous system (ANS) 49) What connects the upper motor neurons to lower motor neurons? B) primary afferent neuron C) muscle fibers D) sensory neurons

49)

50) What type of neuron contacts a muscle fiber and initiates a muscle contraction? A) upper motor neuron C) interneuron D) sensory neuron

50)

51) What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation-contraction mechanism? A) upper motor neuron B) interneuron α C) γ-motor neuron

51)

52) Motor neuron pools consist of: . C) upper motor neurons.

52) B) secondary afferent neurons. D) primary afferent neurons.

53) Place the following steps in order for motor control. 1. Upper motor neurons stimulate lower motor neurons. 2. Sensory information is relayed back to the cerebellum so movement can be modified if needed. 3. Upper motor neurons in the premotor cortex select a motor program. 4. Lower motor neurons stimulate a skeletal muscle to contract. 5. The basal nuclei enable the thalamus to stimulate upper motor neurons of the primary cortex. A) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4 C) 5, 3, 1, 4, 2 D) 2, 5, 3, 1, 4

53)

54) Which of the following does NOT characterize a reflex? A) The motor response to a stimulus is rapid.

54)

C) A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. D) Reflexes require a stimulus to initiate a motor response.

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55) Which of the following must occur first in a reflex arc? A) integration in the central nervous system (CNS) B) delivery of motor response to effector C) transmission from the primary motor cortex

55)

56) What type of sensory receptors are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs? A) chemoreceptors B) nociceptor C) thermoreceptor

56)

57) What is NOT true of muscle spindles? A) Muscle spindles are embedded within extrafusal muscle fibers.

57)

C) Muscle spindles are receptors for the stretch reflex. D) The contractile poles of intrafusal fibers within muscle spindles are innervated by γ-motor neurons. 58) A simple reflex with only a single synapse between the sensory and motor neurons is known as a: A) somatic reflex. B) polysynaptic reflex. C) visceral reflex. .

58)

59) Determine the polysynaptic reflex from this list of examples. A) patellar (knee-jerk) reflex B) simple stretch reflex C) jaw-jerk reflex

59)

60) What reflex causes muscle relaxation? A) flexion (withdrawal) reflex

60) B) stretch reflex D) crossed-extension reflex

61) The inability to produce a gag reflex could indicate a problem with the: A) abducens nerve (VI) or trochlear nerve (IV). B) hypoglossal nerve (XII) or vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII).

61)

D) facial nerve (VII) or trigeminal nerve (V). 62) Which of the following complements the flexion (withdrawal) reflex? A) gag reflex B) Golgi tendon reflex D) stretch reflex

62)

63) In the crossed-extension reflex, if the right leg flexes, then the left leg: A) flexes. B) adducts. C) abducts.

63)

64) What cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and the motor roles for the corneal blink reflex? A) trochlear nerve (IV) as sensory, abducens nerve (VI) as motor B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor C) optic nerve (II) as sensory, oculomotor nerve (III) as motor

64)

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TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. The central nervous system (CNS) processes sensory input and transmits the impulses through the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to effectors for motor output.

65)

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves are the two types of nerves found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

66)

The visceral motor division (autonomic nervous system, or ANS) controls the body's voluntary motor functions.

67)

All cranial nerves are considered mixed nerves.

68)

he first pair of cranial nerves is the optic nerve (I).

69)

The trigeminal nerve (V) has three nerve branches: optic nerve, maxillary nerve, and oculomotor nerve.

70)

The posterior (dorsal) root of a spinal nerve and the posterior ramus are considered mixed nerves since they both carry sensory and motor information.

71)

The lumbar nerve plexuses arise from the anterior rami of L 1 - L4 and innervate structures of the pelvis and lower limb.

72)

Proprioceptors are located in the musculoskeletal system where they detect the movement and position of a joint or body part.

73)

Interoceptors detect stimuli from the inside of the body, such as blood pressure, stretch of a full urinary bladder, and the body's temperature.

74)

Receptive field maps show the regions of skin and the spinal nerve that supplies somatic sensation to them.

75)

Motor control is initiated by lower motor neurons and transmitted to upper motor neurons by interneurons situated within the CNS.

76)

Upper motor neurons directly contact and stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract.

77)

Polysynaptic reflexes involve multiple synapses while monosynaptic reflexes only involve a single synapse.

78)

The simple stretch reflex employs mechanoreceptors known as Golgi tendon organs to detect the degree of stretch experienced by a muscle.

79)

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Match the following using the image of the plexuses.

a 80) Cervical plexus

80)

81) Lumbar plexus

81)

82) Sacral plexus

82)

83) Brachial plexus

83)

84) Nerve plexus that includes the phrenic nerve

84)

85) Nerve plexus that includes the sciatic nerve

85)

c d b a

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d

Match the following using the image of the cranial nerves.

a 86) Olfactory bulb (synapses with Cranial nerve I)

86)

87) Abducens nerve

87)

88) Oculomotor nerve

88)

89) Cranial nerve IV

89)

90) Cranial nerve XII

90)

d b c

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 91) Discuss the functions of the two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). 92) List and describe the connective tissue sheaths that make up a nerve.

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e

93) List the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, in numerical order, with their corresponding Roman numerals. 94) List the cranial nerves and their corresponding Roman numerals that are generally considered sensory nerves. 95) Identify and name the cranial nerves responsible for eye movement. Indicate the function of each cranial nerve identified. 96) Explain the difference between a ramus and a plexus. 97) Describe the structure of a nerve plexus and explain the advantage of this structure to its function. 98) List the five major nerves of the brachial plexuses. 99) Discuss the spinal nerves that contribute to the sacral plexuses and the body region(s) served. 100) Describe the steps of sensory transduction when a touch receptor in the skin is activated. 101) Define adaptation as it relates to sensory function. What types of mechanoreceptors adapt? 102) What can a dermatome map tell us about the location of a virus, such as the shingles? 103) How does the two-point discrimination threshold demonstrate the size of receptor fields in the skin? 104) Generalize the role of the lower motor neuron in motor control. 105) Outline the three-step sequence of a reflex arc. 106) Explain the difference between a monosynaptic reflex and a polysynaptic reflex. 107) Outline the steps to a simple stretch reflex. 108) Which of the following would be most devastating to damage: motor nerve, sensory nerve, or mixed nerve? Explain. 109) People suspected of having a stroke can be asked to stick their tongues straight out. A slanted or somewhat bent tongue may be just one indicator of stroke. Determine the cranial nerve affected if the tongue is bent or slanted and identify the nerve as sensory, motor, or mixed. Describe the function of this nerve. 110) Dan injured the spinal nerves emerging from the lower lumbar and sacral region of the spinal cord during a horse-riding accident. After his injury, he reported numbness in his feet. Explain the connection between the loss of sensation he has described and the plexus responsible for serving this area. 111) Which nerve of the brachial plexus becomes inflamed, resulting in carpal tunnel syndrome? Explain what regions are served by this inflamed nerve. 112) A patient sustained an injury to the lower motor neurons when a board fell on his back at a construction site. The upper motor neurons are intact and undamaged. Determine the effect, if any, on motor control.

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113) Predict the impact on the gag reflex when a person has a damaged vagus nerve (X).

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Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED13

1) A 2) D 3) C 4) A 5) D 6) B 7) B 8) B 9) A 10) B 11) C 12) A 13) B 14) D 15) C 16) B 17) D 18) C 19) B 20) C 21) B 22) C 23) D 24) B 25) D 26) C 27) D 28) B 29) A 30) D 31) D 32) D 33) C 34) D 35) B 36) B 37) D 38) A 39) D 40) C 41) D 42) D 43) A 44) C 45) D 46) D 47) B 48) C 49) A 50) B 12

Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED13

51) D 52) A 53) B 54) B 55) D 56) D 57) B 58) D 59) D 60) C 61) C 62) C 63) D 64) D 65) TRUE 66) TRUE 67) FALSE 68) FALSE 69) FALSE 70) FALSE 71) FALSE 72) TRUE 73) TRUE 74) TRUE 75) FALSE 76) FALSE 77) FALSE 78) TRUE 79) FALSE 80) A 81) C 82) D 83) B 84) A 85) D 86) A 87) D 88) B 89) C 90) E 91) The two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are the sensory (afferent) division and the motor (efferent) division. The sensory division consists of sensory (afferent) neurons that detect stimuli and bring them to the central nervous system (CNS). The motor division consists of motor (efferent) neurons that carry out the motor functions of the nervous system. Both the sensory and motor divisions can be further classified. 92) The epineurium holds together the structures that make up a nerve. Within the nerve, axons are bundled into fascicles held together and supported by a connective tissue sheath known as the perineurium. Each axon within the fascicle is surrounded by its own connective tissue sheath known as the endoneurium. 93) The 12 pairs of cranial nerves are olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII). 13

Answer Key Testname: UNTITLED13

94) The cranial nerves that generally considered sensory are the olfactory (I), optic (II), and vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerves. 95) The oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), and abducens nerve (VI) are the three pairs of cranial nerves that control e...