Extras- The Warren Anatomical Museum PDF

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The Warren Anatomical Museum ➢ Medicine’s most famous neurological cases, [Phineas Gage] ➢ Foreman of a crew of railroad worker, Vermont, 1848 ➢ Blasting rock, tamping iron through the left side of his face, through his eye, straight to the top of his skull ➢ Tamping iron, top of his head, took portion of his frontal lobe ➢ Survived the incident ➢ Sterilized medical gloves were not invented until 1890, doctors used fingers, suffered from infection ➢ Gage was in a coma, woke up and pulled through ➢ Frontal Lobe is much larger in humans than animals, including apes and monkeys ➢ Most credible accounts of injury from the Gage’s doctor (John Harlow) ➢ Gage had altered behaviour, less capable and less temperate ➢ Early evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in governing human behaviour ➢ Gage continued to work successfully after his injury ➢ Somwhat diminished- highly functional ➢ Brain is a resilient organ, able to sustain damage and still function ➢ Great plasticity of the brain, even after serious injury ➢ Skeleton was disinterred, took skull and tampering iron ➢ 1850, Henry James Bigelow, wants to substantiate injury, invites Gage to Harvard Campus ➢ Gage donated bar to Warren Anatomical Museum ➢ Gage comes back for bar, 1854, uses it when touring medical schools ➢ Gage has the bar his whole life ➢ Phrenology Casts are from the Collection of the Boston Phrenology Society ➢ Phrenology was a pseudoscience that measured skulls and inferred personality traits ➢ Popularity in the 19th century, influenced criminology, education, psychiatry, literature and art ➢ Claimed the surface shape of the skull told of fixed personality traits ➢ Large skulls claimed to be a signifier of greater intelligence ➢ Larger bumps in certain areas were seen as signs of cautiousness, poetic ability or faithfulness ➢ Spurzeheim, categories- diminished intelligence, tune, language, acquisitiveness ➢ Acquisitiveness meaning theft or the propensity to acquire ➢ Symbolical head, numbers that would correspond with examples of tune, language, math, etc ➢ Clearly pseudoscience, Gall and Spurzheim were basing it on neuroanatomy, dissections of the brain....