ICMA CEX 13 PDF

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ICMA CEX 13. Taking English to Australia Capital city of Commonwealth of Australia: Canberra Currency: Australian dollars Population: 24,563,513 Native inhabitants: aborigines Terra nullius: that land does not belong to anyone (this means you are free to take it) 26th of January. Gallipolli White Australia policy “Typical Australian” ANZAC Waltzing Matilda First Australians: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples inhabited most areas of the Australian continent (Rock Paintings 60,000 BC, Petroglyphs 45,000 BC) Linguistic diversity: 250 languages and 500 dialects spoken when the Europeans arrived Cultural diversity: lifestyles and cultural traditions differed between regions. They had a strong connection with land and nature. 1770: the British take formal possession. Paintings: Captain James Cook took possession of the Australian on behalf of the British Crown AD 1770 (Importance of the conqueror) / Possession Island (1991) (Importance of the servant) It was supposed to be a scientific expedition. He “brought civilization” to those people Botany Bay: a hell on earth. Britain decided to use its new outpost in Botany Bay as a PENAL COLONY. The aim was to get rid of the convicts in the overcrowded state prisons. Convicts = people from different social and economic backgrounds speaking “vulgar” varieties of English, lower-class early immigrants were responsible for creating the first Australian slang. Aborigines were not given any property rights, ownership of the entire continent was assumed by the Crown, which later gave the land to white settlers: free immigrants and convicts who had served in their terms Settlers who needed more land for their sheep were known as squatters ( okupas). By the late 19th century, wool had become Australia’s main export. Gold Rush. The total population increased to 1.7 million in 1871 From colonies to federated White Dominion “Reputation of workingman’s paradise” In 1890, a deep and widespread economic depression (Paradoxically, it was a Golden Age for Australian Culture) affected the eastern colonies:

1. High unemployment and poor living conditions. 2. Strikes and social unrest: The Great Sherares’ Strike

The national legend: The TYPICAL AUSTRALIAN is a practical man, rough and ready in his manners, great improviser. He feels no impulse to work hard without good cause unless there is an emergency, sceptical about the value of religion and of intellectual pursuits.

National coming of age at war: huge national trauma, people dying everyday....