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KCS&A Report 3 Clena Aboagye-Mensah Dr. Ashbourne FRHD 3400 University of Guelph Wednesday, March 3rd, 2021

Reference List Harms, L., & Pierce, J. (2020). Working with people: Interviewing and assessment skills for human service and social work practice (2nd Canadian edition). Oxford University Press. Ivey, A.E., Daniels, T., Zalaquett, C.P., & Ivey, M.B. (2017). Neuroscience of attention: Empathy and counseling skills. In T.A.Field, L.K.Jones, & L.A.Russell-Chapin (Eds.) Neurocounseling: Brain-Based Clinical Approaches (pp.83-99). American Counseling Association. https://doiorg.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/10.1002/9781119375487.ch5 Shebib, B. (2017). Choices: Interviewing and counselling skills for Canadians (6th edition). Pearson

1. The concept of paraphrasing (1), as described in (Harms & Pierce, 2020), refers to the skill to restate information relayed to you in order to ensure that the other party’s message was received properly (20). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a human service worker listening to a client’s situation and then briefly rephrasing their issue to validate that what they have told you was understood accurately (25). 2. The concept of normalizing (1), as described in (Harms & Pierce, 2020), refers to the skill to reaffirm a person’s experience by helping them realize that their experiences are shared among other individuals (19). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a human service worker working with a client that is suffering with postpartum depression and the worker affirming that the feelings and experiences that she is going through is experienced by other mothers(33). 3. The concept of attended silence, as described in (Shebib, 2017), refers to silence on the part of the human service worker where they are engaged physically through eye contact and are not being distracted(22). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a counselor working with a client and as they are explaining their issue the counselor is actively remaining undistracted and staying on task which is seen through making eye contact, remaining silent and an engaged posture (36). 4. The concept of metacomunication(1), as described in (Shebib, 2017), refers to the message interpreted by the listener which is influenced by aspects such as non-verbal cues, power dynamics and context (19). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a child and youth worker saying “How do feel about dealing with this problem on your own” and the client interpreting it as “You

don’t think I am capable of dealing with this” or “You don’t think I am not dealing with this effectively” due to the tone used(50). 5. The concept of emotional intelligence (2), as described in (Harms & Pierce, 2020) refers to the ability for one to recognize, understand and use emotions in different contexts and environments (15). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a marriage counselor hearing that their client has been abused be their partner and being able to understand the client’s emotional expression and also respond in a manner that respectful, helpful and supportive (33). 6. The concept of empathy (1), as described in (Ivey et al., 2017), refers to the ability to emotionally respond to a situation in order to comprehend the other party’s emotions and to be successful in helping them (23). A counselling-related example of this concept would be a therapist listening to their client speak about the loss of a loved one and having an emotional response and tuning in to some of the client’s feelings such as sadness in order to better understand their experience (38).

Counseling techniques is a key idea that links the concepts of attended silence, empathy, emotional intelligence (Harms & Pierce, 2020) (Shebib, 2017) (Ivey et al., 2017). These concepts discussed this week are all relevant skills that can be applied in the setting of human service workers and when used in combination can create a great environment that is comfortable for the client ad also that facilitates change. These skills can also build trust and safety which leads to more effective sessions. These counselling skills should be deemed important in conducting successful interviews and are effective in the eyes of the client. These skills should be at use in all settings and should be used by human service workers throughout their careers (111).

One thing that I learned is how normalizing (Harms & Pierce, 2020) could be used in a positive light in the setting of a human service worker. I found this interesting because I assumed that normalizing could be seen as offensive to clients because it seems as if you are generalizing their

experiences and this could be seen as unhelpful and ignorant. However, the reading shed light on how this can be comforting and affirming to clients. This is valuable to me in my future work because I can use normalizing to help clients realize that their experiences are shared and they're not alone (100). One idea from these readings that I had difficulty understanding was the idea of microcounseling. The third reading in general was a lot to digest because there was a lot of aspects that were related to neuroscience that I was unfamiliar with. I can learn more about this idea through re reading the text and asking the professor about any following questions (62)....