Module Five Practice Activity Template PDF

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Module Five Practice Activity Template for CJ205...

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CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template History of Policing in America To complete this template, replace the bracketed text with the relevant information. Describe major policing events or evolutions in American policing during each era. Write three or more sentences in each cell where a response is required. American Policing: The Colonial Experience

American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

The North: The Watch

The Urban Experience

Policing from 1900 to 1960

America replicated a similar policing model to the English police. Boston created the first colonial night watch in 1631 (Dempsey, 2018). It consisted of volunteers and sometimes would be performed by the military. They would patrol to prevent crimes, fires and disorder. These volunteers were often overlooked by the Sheriff.

The urban experience consisted of the night watch as well as constables during the daytime. New York gained a population of 337,000 people in a course of 55 years (Dempsey, 2018). Boston officially organized the first police department in the North in 1838. The eight officers only worked during the day. In 1844 New York authorized the community to organize multiple police departments and give funds to provide a 24 hour protection.

During the progressive era of the American government attempts failed at reforming the police (Dempsey, 2018). Police did go through changes where departments received motorcycles, police wagons and cars. Technology started producing radios and the response times would lower and the coverage would grow. In 1919 Boston police were upset as they were not improving like other jobs and the pay was behind so over 1,117 men went on strike where riots and looting happened.

The South: Slave Patrols and Codes

The Southern Experience

Policing in the 1960s and 1970s

In the south it was the complete opposite from the north. Patrols were usually responsible by each citizen and were used to apprehend runaway slaves and protect the white population from crimes committed by slaves. Many historians believe that slave patrols were the first modern forces in the country (Dempsey, 2018).

Before the north was organizing police departments the south created the largest law enforcement organization of 100 members in 1837 known as Charleston’s slave patrol (Dempsey, 2018). During the civil war Richmond police department had 11 officers during the day and 72 at night. After the civil war law enforcement duties were performed by military members. Some police departments would hire blacks to satisfy the reconstruction standards.

Police received the most criticism during these years as the civil rights movement occurred and the police had to deal with students who were protesting. Police were stuck in between the middle as they are the enforcement of the government laws and being that the laws did not change overnight, they had to arrest those who were protesting. As students across campuses would riot, protest and be violent because of the war, administrators would contact police gain control of their campus. The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration was established in 1967 which helped reform departments with paid training,

American Policing: The Colonial Experience

American Policing: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

American Policing: Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries research and education.

No response required

No response required

The Frontier Experience

Policing in the 1980s and 1990s

Formal law enforcement on the frontier was rare (Dempsey, 2018). They mainly had posses that were hired by the county. Federal Marshals were created in 1789 where they were given the power to request the militia for assistance who would aide him. Private police were the most effective. State police were created in some states that were there in the frontier to prevent cattle theft and help control the outlaw activity.

While crime was still rising from the 60s and 70s it gave way to more peaceful times in the 80’s and 90’s. (Dempsey, 2018). The way departments held records including fingerprints as well as evidence from criminal investigations was improved. DNA was introduced in the 80’s for associating with crimes and people. The war on drugs increased a lot during this time frame especially crack.

No response required

Policing in the 2000s As police were becoming more advanced with training and equipment used crime rates started to drop a lot. After the attack on the Twin Towers it changed the way police operate and the United States turned towards a para-military style policing. Overtime equipment has become more advanced and police are able to cover a lot more area and process more individuals through a faster process. As technology has advanced more individuals are able to “police watch” where corruption in departments are caught on camera. Police corruption issues resurfaced in the 2000s (Dempsey, 2018).

References Dempsey J. S., Forst L. S., & Carter S. B. (2018). An Introduction to Policing. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780357238554/...