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PLAN ARTEFACT: TOE RING

‘How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment?’ names: bichiya, metti, minji

HISTORY: INDIAN ROOTS - metti: hindu toe ring o part of the indian wedding culture o known as metti or minji o Female metti: beautiful patterns o Male: plain without patterns o Worn second toe of both feet – nerves of second toe, connects to pelvic region: in women that is the womb. --- this links to the use of silver metti, constant friction through walking helps to revitalize the reproductive system. o Most silver – traditional: some people wear other materials e.g. gold – very wrong thing to do  https://indianhomemaker.wordpress.com/2013 /08/16/why-indian-women-wear-toe-ringsbichhiya-there-is-a-science-behind-this/  worn second toe both feet reference o “active sex life weakens their reproductive organs, metti is the remedy”  RESEARCH IF ACTIVE SEX LIFE WEAKENS ORGANS o Hindu culture:  Yougsters abstain from sex until marriage: metti only used by married couples.  Worn first time during wedding. o The toe ring is a symbol of marriage:  Concept of women bowing their heads: to look at the feet of men to see if they were married. – origination  Whereas men hold their head high, to see if women are married through their thaali pendant.  Now misinterpreted: women bowing their heads is seen that they are now inferior to men o It’s an Hindu culture, not indian.  West india they wear bangles, silver or gold, heavily decorated.  http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.brighton.ac.uk/docview/1625041 977/abstract/AD9E91761721468DPQ/1?accountid=9727 TRADITION: - Traditionally men would always wear their metti, as it’s a symbol of marriage, o Modern men, it is found throw theirs away – week after wedding - Traditions is broken nowadays, ancestor’s reasons for making it apart of hindu culture. http://sharmalanthevar.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/metti-hindu-toe-ring.html

http://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/15-scientific-reasons-behind-popularhindu-traditions-228328.html

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PLAN

‘How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment?’

---- replace 1 footnote with this reference AMERICAN FASHION: - Popularized 1970s o Marjorie Borell, the founder of Toerings Ltd. – NYC  Returned from india, began manufacturing and selling them in NYC 1973  First retail outlet: Fiorucci, 59th street NYC o Became a fashion statement, and accessory within footwear http://indonesiajewelry.com/blog/?paged=11 ?Toe rings were also often used for curative purposes and ward off evil spirits? ------ research this statement https://www.thekewlshop.com/blogs/news/7399052-toe-rings-a-brief-guide Tradition references: - KEY POINTS: o Earliest record of women wearing toe rings: The Sanskrit epic, “Ramayana”, written by poet, Valmiki, in the 4th Century BC o States: decorative women's accessory that is traditionally worn by married women and brides. Toe Ring fashion fad: - http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/entertainment/toe-rings-the-latest-fashionfad-among-young-indians_100472424.html -

http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.brighton.ac.uk/ehost/detail/detail? sid=a4b5073b-e619-4873-b46a371a67c8f4c2%40sessionmgr106&vid=0&hid=124&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2 ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2130312&db=buh o customers: conservative, upscale women o edgy to mainstream  “(Like bindi dots, toe rings originated in India,

where they are called bichiyas and were traditionally worn by women as a symbol of marriage.)” o Aug 16, 1999 MATERIAL: - The material being discussed is a toe ring. - Discussing the historical development throughout humanity

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‘How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment?’

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From its beginning of being a religious, romantic symbol o to a fashion statement o when it began to transition METHOD: - Using secondary sources, looking at blogs and fashion posts to discover the transition - Using historical articals and journals to detect the historical and environmental principles of the ‘toe-ring’ METHODOLOGY: - WHY: Discover the evolution of ‘toe rings’ from religion to fashion o The historical principles behind it o And the cultural environment and how that has changed  From hindu culture to fashion culture - RESEARCH QUESTION: o How is this artefact the product of a particular historical and cultural environment?  What was the cultural explanation for this artefact and the historical underlying reasons?  The change of location, environment: Hindu culture and where it orginates, and now the western environment - MEANINGS: o WHY:  to discover the journey and the historical references which are perhaps unknown with the toe ring  history can influence fashion  note some other examples of historical artefacts influencing fashion  how history of an item is sometimes ignored, the context become irrelevant within fashion  did or has fashion overcome historical and religious underlines ESSAY DRAFT STRUCTURE AND POINTS: 1) Introduction: a. What the essay is going to do: discover the history behind the toe ring, and the culture of which originally it was for, and the transfer and evolution of it becoming a stylised accessory for western culture. b. HOW i. Discuss the origins: 1. From India: From the Hindu religion 2. Originally a symbol of marriage worn by the women ii. Discuss the culture: 1. India 2. Hindu 3. Women 4. Marriage

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‘How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment?’

iii. Evolution: 1. How it was introduced into western society 2. First populised as fashion over symbol of marriage 3. Become a accessory, has this taken away the original romantic, religious connotations of the ring. c. LINK FIRST AND LAST SENTENCE 2) The Discussion: a. First Paragraph: i. POINT: History: Religion and Origin 1. Originally part of the Indian Hindu wedding culture 2. Sign of marriage on women, much like the bindi 3. Other names for it ii. EVIDENCE: http://sharmalanthevar.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/mettihindu-toe-ring.html iii. EXPLAIN: 1. Worn on the second toe – links to nerves 2. The giving on the tow ring b. Second Paragraph: SWAP WITH FIRST i. POINT: History: Religion and Origin 1. Name of the toe ring ii. EVIDENCE: 1. http://sharmalanthevar.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/metti-hindutoe-ring.html 2. http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.brighton.ac.uk/ehost/det ail/detail?sid=a4b5073b-e619-4873-b46a371a67c8f4c2%40sessionmgr106&vid=0&hid=124&bdata=JnN pdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2130312&db=buh iii. EXPLAIN: 1. The concept of different languages 2. Original names, religion 3. How that has changed – multiple names c. Third Paragraph: i. POINT: Transition into fashion: America 1. Popularized 1970s 2. Marjorie Borell, the founder of Toerings Ltd. – NYC 3. Discuss further using research section ii. EVIDENCE: 1. http://indonesiajewelry.com/blog/?paged=11 2. iii. EXPLAIN: 1. Influence of other cultures within fashion 2. Designer has taken what was a religious item and created a fashion fad d. Fourth Paragraph:

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‘How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment?’ i. POINT: 1. Reintroduced into fashion: The 90s ii. Evidence: 1. http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.brighton.ac.uk/ehost/det ail/detail?sid=a4b5073b-e619-4873-b46a371a67c8f4c2%40sessionmgr106&vid=0&hid=124&bdata=JnN pdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=2130312&db=buh iii. EXPLAIN: 1. Another fashion fad, talk about what was within text 2. Trends being bought back

3) Creating an Argument: a. Has fashion trends overwritten or spoiled religious concepts i. Discuss the toe ring ii. Examples of other religious now fashionable things 1. WHAT 2. WHY iii. Research iv. Critical analysis v. Independent argument vi. Conclude argument. 4) The Conclusion a. Answer the question: “How is this Artefact the Product of a particular Historical and Cultural Environment. b. Summarise main evidence: historical context to fashionable accessory...