Periodo ipotetico (inglese); schemi e mappe concettuali di Lingua Inglese PDF

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Sintesi ed esempi d'uso del periodo ipotetico (+ mixed conditionals)...

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if + present tense (or past) / present tense (or past) es. If the water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. es. If i got home late, my mother scolded me. È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. My mother scolded me if I got home late. es. The water boils if it reaches 100 degrees.

if + present simple o perfect / future with “will” (or modal) es. If John has more money, he will buy a ferrari! es. If John has the possibility, he could buy things for poor people. È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. John will buy a ferrari if he has more money. es. John could buy things for poor people if he has the possibility. es. I’ll join you at the club, unless I finish work too late! La forma progressiva può essere usata sia nella frase principale che secondaria: es. If she has been studying since this morning, she will surely be very angry. es. If they haven’t had dinner yet, they will be looking for a place in order to eat something.

if + past simple / would + base form (present conditional) es. If I had more money, I’d buy a bigger house. È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. I’d buy a bigger house if I had more money. La forma progressiva può essere usata sia nella frase principale che secondaria: es. If Daisy weren’t making so much noise, I would/could concentrate on my homework. es. If there was a transport strike, I wouldn’t be walking to school.

if + past perfect / would have + past participle (past conditional) es. If I had had the right tools, I would have fixed my bike. È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. I would have fixed my bike if I had had the right tools. La forma progressiva può essere usata sia nella frase principale che secondaria: es. I would have been looking for them for ages if you hadn’t sent me the directions. es. If she hadn’t been wearing a crash helmet, she could have hurted badly. Il “third conditional” può essere utilizzato per far riferimento ad una situazione presente: es. If you hadn’t left your passport at home, we would be flying to new york.

Mixed conditional Conseguenza presente di una condizione passata: If + past perfect / present conditional es. If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job! (I didn’t study hard at school, so I don’t have a good job now) es. If you had caught that plane, you would be dead now. (Since you didn’t take that plane you’re still alive!) È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. I would have a better job now If I had worked harder at school. es. You would be dead now If you had caught that plane. Con questo tipo di periodo ipotetico si fa riferimento ad condizione passata irreale e alla sua probabile conseguenza nella realtà. La proposizione introdotta da “if” è al passato, mentre la “main clause” è al presente. Conseguenza passata di una condizione presente: If + simple past / past conditional es. If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked them up! (I’m afraid of spiders so I didn’t pick them up) es. If I wasn’t in the middle of another meeting, I would have been happy for you. es. If she wasn’t afraid of flying, she wouldn’t have travelled by boat. È possibile mettere la “main clause” prima, in tal caso non sarà necessario mettere la virgola; dunque avremo: es. I would have picked them up If I wasn’t afraid of spiders. es. I would have been happy for you If I wasn’t in the middle of another meeting. es. She wouldn’t have travelled by boat if she wasn’t afraid of flying. Con questo tipo di periodo ipotetico si fa riferimento ad una situazione presente non reale e alla sua (probabile) conseguenza passata. La proposizione introdotta da “if” è adesso o sempre, mentre la “main clause” è prima di adesso....