PHL 230 5 - Lecture notes module 5 PDF

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Module Five: Christianity Theme: Sin and Salvation 

Sins: Actions that violate moral or divine law o Abrahamic  Sin goes against will of God, may place mortal soul in jeopardy o Eastern  Actions that result in negative karma, violate natural or moral code of conduct

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Salvation: Saving a soul from the consequences of sin o Abrahamic  Requires blessing from God, may require devotion and/or repentance o Eastern  Enlightenment or salvation as a result of habits, thoughts, and behaviors

Christianity 

History o Begins with life/teachings of Jesus, can be divided into four periods 

Early period, 30-800CE, execution of Jesus, oppression in Roman Empire, New Testament codified, State Church of Rome

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Imperial Church, 800-1517, iconoclasts, Pope, separation between Eastern and Western Christians, Great Schism, Crusades, collapse of Byzantine Empire

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Reform Period  1517-1781, Protestant Reformation, split, wars between them and Catholics

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Modern Age  1781 to present, American and French Revolutions, Second Great Awakening, 2 Ecumenical Councils, Russian Orthodox

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Key Beliefs o Trinity  Jesus as the son of God, the Messiah, and the Redeemer of mankind o Brotherly love o Jesus brings about Kingdom of God by his Second Coming o Sacraments o Original Sin o Ten Commandments

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Sacred Writings of Christianity o Old Testament  39 books of Judaism’s Tanakh, sometimes other books as well o New Testament  27 books grouped in five sections  Gospels, Pauline epistles, Pastoral Epistles, Catholic Epistles, Revelation of John

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Varieties of Christianity o Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, Protestantism, the main three o Others  Disciples of Christ, Christian Science, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Unitarians, Church of Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Pentecostalism, Evangelicalism

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Contemporary Christianity o 2.2 billion Christians worldwide, 50% Roman Catholic, 37% Protestant, 12% Orthodox 

Varies between places and cultures, but relatively constant  Sabbath, Baptism, Communion, observance of birth and death of Jesus, new testament, weekly service, Christmas, Easter

o Divisive issues in Christianity

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Abortion and contraception, the LGBTQ community, the death penalty, pacificism

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Creationism and Intelligent Design...