Sample/practice exam 2018, questions and answers PDF

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Package Title: Testbank Course Title: pap15 Chapter Number: 13

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Which of the three spinal meninges is the most superficial? a) Arachnoid mater b) Dura mater c) Meninx mater d) Pia mater e) Epi mater Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

2) Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid? a) Epidural space b) Subarachnoid space c) Dural space d) Meninx e) Pia mater Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

Question type: Multiple Choice

3) Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of a) arachnoid mater. b) pia mater. c) dura mater. d) interstitial fluid. e) subdural space. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

4) What spinal cord feature is the area where the nerves that supply the lower limb emerge? a) Lumbar enlargement b) Filum terminale c) Cauda equina d) Cranial nerve XII e) Cervical enlargement Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.2 Describe how spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

5) Which of the following structures contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and internal organs to the CNS? a) Spinal nerves b) Cauda equina c) Anterior root of spinal nerves d) Posterior root of spinal nerves e) Conus medullaris Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.2 Describe how spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

6) Which layer of protective connective tissue is the outermost covering surrounding a spinal nerve? a) dura mater b) pia mater c) endoneurium d) perineurium e) epineurium Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.1 Describe the components, connective tissue coverings, and branching of a spinal nerve. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

7) What type(s) of axons are wrapped in a protective endoneurium? 1. Myelinated 2. Unmyelinated 3. Only dendrites are surrounded by endoneurium a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 1 and 2 e) None of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.1 Describe the components, connective tissue coverings, and branching of a spinal nerve. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

8) Spinal nerves 1. Are parts of PNS. 2. connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body. 3. are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) both 1 & 3 e) 1, 2 & 3 Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.1 Describe the components, connective tissue coverings, and branching of a spinal nerve. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

9) Intercostal nerves a) are also known as cervical nerves. b) do not enter into a plexus and directly connect to the structures they supply. c) are found in the C6-T4 area of the vertebral column. d) extend through the sacrum. e) do not exist in humans. Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.2 Define plexus, and identify the distribution of nerves of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

10) A man presents with median nerve palsy in his left hand. What is the most likely site of injury? a) Dorsal scapular nerve b) Intercostal nerve

c) Lumbar plexus d) Median nerve e) Radial nerve Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.2 Define plexus, and identify the distribution of nerves of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

11) Which region of the spinal cord carries nerve impulses for proprioception? a) Posterior white column b) Anterior gray horn c) Anterior white column d) Lateral white column e) Dermatome tract Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.1 Describe the functions of the major sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

12) Which white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information? a) Ascending tracts b) Descending tracts c) Integration tracts d) Columnar tracts e) Epidural tracts Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord.

Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.1 Describe the functions of the major sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

13) Which type of descending motor pathway conveys nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause precise, voluntary movements of skeletal muscles? a) Indirect pathway b) Direct pathway c) Reflex arc d) Somatic arc e) Muscle spindle Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.1 Describe the functions of the major sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

14) Which type of descending motor pathway originates in the brainstem and governs automatic movements that help regulate muscle tone, posture and balance? a) Indirect pathway b) Direct pathway c) Reflex arc d) Somatic arc e) Muscle spindles Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.1 Describe the functions of the major sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

15) Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors body conditions? a) Sensory receptor

b) Integrating center c) Motor neuron d) Effector e) Interneuron Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

16) Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body’s condition? a) Sensory receptor b) Sensory neuron c) Motor neuron d) Effector e) Integration center Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

17) Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland? a) Sensory receptor b) Sensory neuron c) Motor neuron d) Effector e) Integration center Answer: d Difficulty: Easy

Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

18) Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion? a) Sensory receptor cell b) Sensory neuron c) Motor neuron d) Effector e) Interneuron Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

19) A nerve impulse initiated at a muscle spindle has to travel through which of the following structures to get into the spinal column? a) Anterior root of spinal nerve b) Posterior root of spinal nerve c) Tectospinal tract d) Central canal e) Lateral reticulospinal tract Answer: b Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

20) In response to a muscle being stretched, a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes 1. contraction of the agonist muscle. 2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle. 3. contraction of the antagonist muscle. 4. relaxation of the agonist muscle. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 2 Answer: e Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

21) In response to a tendon being stretched excessively, a tendon organ initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes 1. contraction of the agonist muscle. 2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle. 3. contraction of the antagonist muscle. 4. relaxation of the agonist muscle. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 3 and 4 Answer: e Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

22) A somatic spinal reflex that involves one effector muscle being stimulated while the opposing muscle is inhibited is called _____ innervation. a) reversal b) relaxed c) representative d) reciprocal e) relegated Answer: d Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

23) Which of following is NOT a function of the spinal reflexes that use muscle spindles and tendon organs as sensors? a) Awareness of muscle tension in body b) Prevention of damage to muscles c) Protection of spinal nerves d) Prevention of damage to tendons e) Maintenance of muscle tone Answer: c Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.7 Describe the structure and function of the reflex arc, and the major motor and sensory tracts of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.7.2 Describe the functional components of a reflex arc and the ways reflexes maintain homeostasis. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.3 Spinal Cord Physiology

24) A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5

Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.1 Describe the components, connective tissue coverings, and branching of a spinal nerve. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

25) Which branch of a spinal nerve serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk? a) Meningeal branch b) Rami communicantes c) Brachial plexus d) Posterior ramus e) Anterior ramus Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.2 Define plexus, and identify the distribution of nerves of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

26) The thoracic nerves are also called the a) brachial nerves. b) lumbar nerves. c) sacral nerves. d) cervical nerves. e) intercostals nerves. Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.2 Describe the components of a spinal nerve, the distribution of nerves of the plexuses, and the clinical significance of dermatomes. Study Objective 2: SO 13.2.2 Define plexus, and identify the distribution of nerves of the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.2 Spinal Nerves

27) Where is the subarachnoid space?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

28) Where is the subdural space?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

29) Where is the arachnoid mater?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

30) Where is the pia mater?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

31) Which layer is the dura mater?

a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

32) Which of the labeled structures contains cerebral spinal fluid?

a) A b) D c) E d) F e) All of these choices Answer: a Difficulty: Hard Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

33) Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively sensory information towards the spinal cord?

a) B b) C c) F d) G e) H Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

34) Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively motor information away from the spinal cord?

a) B b) C c) F d) G e) H Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

35) Where is the pia mater?

a) D b) E c) F d) G e) H Answer: b Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

36) Where is the posterior ramus?

a) B b) C c) G d) H e) None of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

37) Where is the epidural space?

a) A b) D c) E d) F e) G Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

38) Where is the anterior (ventral) root of a spinal nerve?

a) A b) B c) C d) G e) H Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

39) Where is the posterior median sulcus?

a) A b) E c) F d) H e) J Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 13.1 Describe the protective structures and the external and internal anatomy of the spinal cord. Study Objective 2: SO 13.1.1 Describe the protective structures and the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Section Reference 1: Sec 13.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy

40) Where is the lateral white column?

a) C b) D c) G d) H e) I Answer: b Difficulty: M...