SOC 112 Final Project Milestone Three Creating Connections PDF

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Bullying SOC-112 5-2 Final Project Milestone Three: Creating Connections 4/1/2021

2 Cultural Individuals think that it is fine to select people who are different based on religion, appearance and even disability. People do not report bullying for fear of it worsening and the society encourages this perspective. For instance, when a boy is told to be strong physically which encourages them to bully others. Many, think that bullying is part of social and cultural practices as one grows up and that an individual should be stronger, have a thick skin and suck it up. Bullying is a sociocultural issue that affects the country on a larger scale than thought (Pörhölä et al., 2019). Bullying as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon theory identifies individuals most at risk of becoming bullying victims because of a perceived difference and therefore considered a threat to wider group norms. It could include people from disadvantaged backgrounds, minority ethnic groups, and people with learning difficulties or disabilities. The curricular approaches to antibullying in schools address the socio-cultural phenomenon through events which celebrate diversity and promote acceptance of individuality. Research presents mixed evidence whereby victimization is more likely to happen in large, inner city schools, which are typified by a multicultural population with low social economic status and a high level of need. In support of these findings, there is evidence of victimization in schools serving students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Children with learning difficulties are especially at risk of school bullying (ThinkCEU, 2016). Social Roles In every part of the world bullying is used to maintain social order and ensure that no one acquires too much dominance, status, or personal power. In other cases, bullying is harmful and used to injure others physically, emotionally, or socially (Wang et al, 2009). There are multiple social roles when it comes to bullying. Some of these roles include, the bully, the person or group

3 being bullied, those who assist in bullying, those who reinforce bullying, bystanders, and those who defend the group or individual being bullied. Those who bully is a person who those bully their peers and those that are bullied are usually the people who are perceived as “weird” or different for any number of reasons (New Zealand Ministry of Education, n.d.). For example, a person may be perceived as weird or different if they are overweight or if they are different in what clothes they wear which could depend on factors such as their socioeconomic status or what they prefer such as gothic clothing. The people who assist in bullying encourage bullying, however, they themselves do not participate in the direct bullying of people. Next, is those who reinforce bullying. The people that reinforce bullying do not participate but they laugh or egg on the bully. Bystanders do not encourage nor discourage the bully and those defend those being bullied standup for the victims and put a stop to this vicious cycle. By understanding these roles, it helps to show how different people fit into bullying (New Zealand Ministry of Education, n.d.). Social Inequalities Social inequalities and bullying have a strained relationship. Some of the social inequalities that lead to bullying include race, gender, social class, body size, and sexuality. These issues are prevalent when it comes to bullying because it can show reasons in which some people are bullied. For example, one reason in which people are bullied is social class. Social class can determine many things such as the type of clothes a person can afford. A person may be bullied because they wear hand-me-downs instead of new name brand clothing as compared to their peers that may be able to afford more expensive clothing this would be a social inequality. The LGBTQ youth are often subjected to harassment, abuse, and bullying because of their sexual

4 preferences, this bullying can come from multiple individuals in their lives, including members of their sur-rounding communities, families, and schools (Peguero, Anthony, 2012). Impact of Social Change Bullying continues to evolve from physical to online or Internet that now constitutes the highest number of incidents. Cyberbullying is on the rise and can occur at different age levels, with any gender, and can relate to physical, cultural, racial, and even religious biases. The psychological harm inflicted by cyberbullying is considered more damaging than traditional bullying, as harmful material can be preserved and quickly circulated. Cyberbullying is also related to suicidal ideation among adolescents. Youth who experienced traditional bullying or cyberbullying, as either an offender or a victim, had more suicidal thoughts and were more likely to attempt suicide than those who had not experienced such forms of peer aggression ( Hinduja, & Patchin, 2010). Examples of cyberbullying include sending hurtful texts or instant messages, posting embarrassing photos or video on social media, and spreading mean rumors online or with cell phones (Gordon, 2021).

5 References Sameer Hinduja & Justin W. Patchin (2010) Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide, Archives of Suicide Research, 14:3, 206-221, DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2010.494133 Ferrara, P., Ianniello, F., Villani, A., & Corsello, G. (2018). Cyberbullying a modern form of bullying let’s talk about this health and social problem. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 44(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-018-0446-4 Pörhölä, M., Almonkari, M., & Kunttu, K. (2019). Bullying and social anxiety experiences in university learning situations. Social Psychology of Education, 22(3), 723-742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-019-09496-4

ThinkCEU. (2016). Bullying as a Socio-cultural Phenomenon –Thinkceu.Net. https://thinkceu.net/lessons/bullying-as-a-socio-cultural-phenomenon/ New Zealand Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Who is involved? Bullying Free NZ. https://www.bullyingfree.nz/about-bullying/who-is-involved/#Bullying_Roles Peguero, Anthony. (2012). Schools, Bullying, and Inequality: Intersecting Factors and Complexities with the Stratification of Youth Victimization at School. Sociology Compass. 6. 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00459.x. Gordon, Sherry, (2021). Is Your Child Being Cyberbullied? Very well Family. https://www.verywellfamily.com/types-of-cyberbullying-460549...