Star and Gallaxy Notes Google Docs PDF

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Star and Gallaxy Notes Google Docs ]
Star and Gallaxy Notes Google DocsStar and Gallaxy Notes Google Docs...

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Stars, Star Systems, and Galaxy Notes

Main Idea

Details

star

giant sphere of gas made up mostly of hydrogen and helium

nebula

Cloud of gas and dust in space, often where stars are born, many are formed by supernovas

protostar

the earliest stage of a star’s life before it is illuminated

3 main characteristics of stars

Size (Mass) Low-mid live billions of years High - very high live millions of years Brightness - higher temp., more light Temperature (blue-white, yellow, reddish-orange = highest to lowest temp.)

main sequence star

Stars larger than the sun (but the sun will be one someday) that are beginning to die

when the star is balancing its need to collapse (due to gravity) and its need to expand due to heat, the star will stay this way until it runs out of hydrogen. (Our sun today is a medium sized main sequence star.)

Red Giant (low-mid-massed stars) Red Supergiants (high to very high mass stars) Both star types occur when hydrogen runs out and outside begins to expand

Death of low - medium mass star

Expands into red giant and sheds outer layers - planetary nebula White dwarf remains - blue-white hot core of a low to medium mass star after it

Stars, Star Systems, and Galaxy Notes

becomes a red giant Becomes a black dwarf once out of fuel Death of high to very high mass star Expands into supergiant Explodes into supernova leaving either… black hole - a gravitational pull that is so strong no light remains Or neutron star - the remains of a high mass star if a black hole is not created, EXTREMELY DENSE

star systems

Binary star systems

Groups of two or more stars

Star systems of two stars, usually one bright and one dimmer star revolving around it

Eclipsing binary When one star can block or dim the light of the other star in a star system Scientists can tell if there is an unseen second star in a star system due to the effects of gravity on the visible star...it may appear to wobble as it is pulled by the second star Astronomers have discovered more than 100 other planets revolving around other stars

Stars, Star Systems, and Galaxy Notes

There are likely many others that are too small to see the gravitational effects at such tremendous distances

star clusters

open clusters

globular clusters

Many stars belong to large groups called star clusters (usually formed around a nebula)

Have a loose disorganized appearance and contain no more than a few thousand stars with many bright supergiants large group of older stars closely packed together,may contain more than a million stars.

solar system

a central star (sun) and all of the celestial bodies that revolve around it.

galaxy

huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound together by gravity There are billions of galaxies in the universe Largest have more than a trillion stars Held together by gravity Galaxies are moving away from each other as space expands in the universe

Light year

How far light can travel in a year, nearly 6 trillion miles - how we measure distance in space. The Milky Way Galaxy is at least 100,000 light years across

Spiral galaxies

bulge in middle with arms of gas, dust, and bright young stars that spiral out like a pinwheel

Stars, Star Systems, and Galaxy Notes

our solar system is in the Milky Way Galaxy, a spiral galaxy Elliptical galaxies

Since little gas and dust...no new stars...all old stars. look like round flattened balls...not much gas or dust but billions of old stars

Irregular Galaxies

shapeless with smaller, young stars and a lot of gas and dust forming new stars

universe space and everything in it … mostly empty space...expanding like rising bread dough Universe contains billions of galaxies Galaxies contain star systems Our solar system is around a single star in the Milky Way Galaxy...