The Globalization of World Politics EIGHTH EDITION 2020 PDF

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The Globalization of World Politics JOHN BAYLIS STEVE SMITH PATRICIA OWENS THE GLOBALIZATION OF WORLD POLITICS AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS EIGHTH EDITION 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. I...

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The Globalization of World Politics

JOHN BAYLIS

STEVE SMITH

PATRICIA OWENS

THE GLOBALIZATION OF WORLD POLITICS AN INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS EIGHTH EDITION

1

1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2020 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Fourth Edition 2008 Fifth Edition 2011 Sixth Edition 2014 Seventh Edition 2017 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952165 ISBN 978–0–19–882554–8 Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd., Glasgow Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.

To Marion, Jeannie, and Maggie/Edith

Brief contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................................................xvi New to this edition ......................................................................................................................................................xvi How to use the learning features ..........................................................................................................................xviii How to use the online resources .............................................................................................................................. xx List of case studies ......................................................................................................................................................xxii About the contributors ............................................................................................................................................xxiv World map .................................................................................................................................................................xxviii

Part One International relations in a global era Introduction: From international politics to world politics .................................................................. 5

patricia owens · john baylis · steve smith 1

Globalization and global politics .................................................................................................................19

anthony mcgrew

Part Two The historical context 2

The rise of modern international order ....................................................................................................39

george lawson 3

International history of the twentieth century .......................................................................................54

len scott 4

From the end of the cold war to a new world dis-order? ...................................................................70

michael cox 5

Rising powers and the emerging global order ........................................................................................84

andrew hurrell

Part Three Theories of world politics 6

Liberal internationalism .............................................................................................................................. 103

tim dunne 7

Marxist theories of international relations ........................................................................................... 115

stephen hobden · richard wyn jones 8

Realism .............................................................................................................................................................. 130

tim dunne · brian c. schmidt 9

Feminism .......................................................................................................................................................... 145

helen m. kinsella 10 Postcolonial and decolonial approaches ............................................................................................... 160

meera sabaratnam 11 Poststructuralism ........................................................................................................................................... 177

lene hansen 12 Social constructivism ................................................................................................................................... 192

michael barnett 13 International ethics ....................................................................................................................................... 207

richard shapcott

viii

Brief contents

Part Four Structures and processes 14 War and world politics ................................................................................................................................. 225

tarak barkawi 15 International and global security ............................................................................................................. 240

john baylis 16 Global political economy ............................................................................................................................ 256

nicola phillips 17 Gender .............................................................................................................................................................. 271

paul kirby 18 Race in world politics ................................................................................................................................... 287

robbie shilliam 19 International law ........................................................................................................................................... 303

christian reus-smit 20 International organizations in world politics ....................................................................................... 319

susan park 21 The United Nations ....................................................................................................................................... 334

devon e. a. curtis · paul taylor 22 NGOs in world politics ................................................................................................................................. 349

jutta joachim 23 Regionalism in international affairs ........................................................................................................ 365

edward best · thomas christiansen

Part Five International issues 24 Environmental issues ................................................................................................................................... 387

john vogler 25 Refugees and forced migration ................................................................................................................. 404

ariadna estévez 26 Poverty, hunger, and development ......................................................................................................... 419

tony evans · caroline thomas 27 Global trade and global finance ............................................................................................................... 435

matthew watson 28 Terrorism and globalization ....................................................................................................................... 449

james d. kiras 29 Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction ..................................................................................... 466

sheena chestnut greitens 30 Nationalism, national self-determination, and international relations ...................................... 481

john breuilly 31 Human rights .................................................................................................................................................. 498

ratna kapur 32 Humanitarian intervention in world politics ....................................................................................... 514

alex j. bellamy · nicholas j. wheeler Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................................531 References ....................................................................................................................................................................553 Index ..............................................................................................................................................................................591

Detailed contents Preface .............................................................................................................................................................................xv Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................................................................xvi New to this edition ......................................................................................................................................................xvi How to use the learning features ..........................................................................................................................xviii How to use the online resources .............................................................................................................................. xx List of case studies ......................................................................................................................................................xxii About the contributors ............................................................................................................................................xxiv World map .................................................................................................................................................................xxviii

Part One International relations in a global era Introduction: From international politics to world politics .................................................................. 5 From international politics to world politics 6 The study of International Relations 6 Theories of world politics 8 Theories and globalization 14 Globalization: myth or reality? 15 1

Globalization and global politics .................................................................................................................19 Introduction 20 Making sense of globalization 20 The crisis of globalization and the liberal world order 27 Globalization and the transformation of world politics 30 Conclusion 33

Part Two The historical context 2

The rise of modern international order ....................................................................................................39 Introduction 40 Historical international orders 40 How did modern international order emerge? 43 The consequences of the global transformation 47 Conclusion 51

3

International history of the twentieth century .......................................................................................54 Introduction 55 Modern total war 55 End of empire 58 Cold war 60 Conclusion 67

4

From the end of the cold war to a new world dis-order? ...................................................................70 Introduction 71 The United States: managing the unipolar ‘moment’ 71 After the USSR: Yeltsin to Putin 72

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Detailed contents

Europe: rise and decline? A new Asian century? A new Global South From 9/11 to the Arab Spring From Obama to Trump Conclusion 5

74 75 78 79 80 82

Rising powers and the emerging global order ........................................................................................84 Introduction 85 The post-cold war order 85 The US order under challenge 87 Three questions about the power of rising powers 90 Debating the impact of rising powers on international relations 93 Beyond the BRICS 95 Conclusion: rising states and the globalization of world politics 96

Part Three Theories of world politics 6

Liberal internationalism .............................................................................................................................. 103 Introduction and context 104 Founding ideas of nineteenth-century liberal internationalism 105 Internationalism and institutionalism: peace through law 107 The challenges confronting liberal internationalism 109 Conclusion: incomplete, but indispensable, internationalism 113

7

Marxist theories of international relations ........................................................................................... 115 Introduction 116 The essential elements of Marxist theories of world politics 118 Marx internationalized: from imperialism to world-systems theory 119 Gramscianism 121 Critical theory 124 New Marxism 125 Conclusion 127

8

Realism .............................................................................................................................................................. 130 Introduction 131 Realism in context 131 One realism, or many? 135 The essential realism 138 Conclusion 142

9

Feminism .......................................................................................................................................................... 145 Introduction 146 What is feminism? 147 What is feminist international relations theory? 150 Gender and power 152 Four feminist international relations theories 152 Conclusion 157

Detailed contents

10 Postcolonial and decolonial approaches ............................................................................................... 160 Introduction 161 What are postcolonial and decolonial approaches? 161 Where did postcolonial and decolonial ideas come from? 164 What are the main ideas underpinning postcolonial and decolonial thought? 167 Postcolonial and decolonial approaches to studying world politics 170 Decolonization: the struggle continues? 173 Conclusion 174 11 Poststructuralism ........................................................................................................................................... 177 Introduction 178 Studying the social world 178 Poststructuralism as a political philosophy 179 Deconstructing state sovereignty 184 Identity and foreign policy 187 Conclusion 190 12 Social constructivism ................................................................................................................................... 192 Introduction 193 The rise of constructivism 193 Constructivism 195 Constructivism and global change 201 Conclusion 205 13 International ethics ....................................................................................................................................... 207 Introduction 208 The study of ethics: methods 209 Global justice, poverty, and starvation 214 Just war tradition 217 Conclusion 220

Part Four Structures and processes 14 War and world politics ................................................................................................................................. 225 Introduction 226 Defining war 227 War: international and global 228 Clausewitz’s philosophy of war 230 War, state, and society in the West 233 War, state, and society in the Global South 236 Conclusion 238 15 International and global security ............................................................................................................. 240 Introduction 241 What is security? 241 The traditional approach to national security 243 Alternative approaches 245 Globalization and the return of geopolitics 248 Conclusion 252

xi

xii

Detailed contents

16 Global political economy ............................................................................................................................ 256 Introduction 257 Approaches to IPE 258 What drives globalization? 260 Who wins and who loses from globalization? 265 The future of globalization 268 Conclusion 269 17 Gender .............................................................................................................................................................. 271 Introduction 272 Sex and gender in international perspective 272 Global gender relations 274 Gendering global politics 276 Gendering global security 279 Gendering the global economy 282 Conclusion 284 18 Race in world politics ................................................................................................................................... 287 Introduction 288 Histories of race in world politics 288 Thinking through race 294 Contemporary manifestations of race in world politics 296 Conclusion 300 19 International law ........................................................................................................................................... 303 Introduction 304 Order and institutions 304 The modern institution of international law 305 From international to supranational law? 310 The laws of war 311 Theoretical approaches to international law 314 Conclusion 315 20 International organizations in world politics ....................................................................................... 319 Introduction 320 What are international organizations? 320 Why are international organizations important? 324 Why do states create IOs? 325 How can we analyse IO behaviour? 331 Conclusion 332 21 The United Nations ....................................................................................................................................... 334 Introduction 335 A brief history of the United Nations and its principal organs 335 The United Nations and the maintenance of international peace and security 339 The United Nations and economic and social questions 344 Conclusion 347 22 NGOs in world politics ...................................................................