[Theories of Personality] Chapter 4 Carl Jung PDF

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Theories of PersonalityCarl Jung: Analytical PsychologyGroup 3 (Ayat, Castillo, Mendillo, Mogol, Penuliar) BS PSY 2-Overview of Analytical PsychologyAnalytical Psychology Jung broke from orthodox psychoanalysis to establish a separate theory of personality called analytical psychology emphasizes the...

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Theories of Personality Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology

Levels of the Psyche Conscious

Group 3 (Ayat, Castillo, Mendillo, Mogol, Penuliar) BS PSY 2-2

Overview of Analytical Psychology Analytical Psychology • • • •

Jung broke from orthodox psychoanalysis to establish a separate theory of personality called analytical psychology emphasizes the importance of wholeness for each individual emphasizes the significance of the present, including the role that cultural shifts and archetypes play in individual psychology each of us is motivated not only by repressed experiences but also by certain emotionally toned experiences inherited from our ancestors

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Personal Unconscious • • • •

Biography of Carl Jung Early Life • • • • • • •

Carl Gustav Jung He was born on July 26, 1875, in Kesswil, Switzerland Jung’s early life was that of an only child. He had two aspects of himself during his school years Jung described his father as a sentimental idealist with strong doubts about his religious faith and he saw his mother as having two separate dispositions. At age 3 years, Jung was separated from his mother, who had to be hospitalized for several months, and this separation deeply troubled young Carl. At age 18, he was sexually assaulted by an older man he once worshipped

images that are sensed by the ego ego as the center of consciousness but not the core personality ego is not the whole personality plays a relatively minor role in analytical psychology overemphasis on expanding one's conscious psyche can lead to psychological imbalance

embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences of one particular individual Our personal unconscious is formed by our individual experiences and is therefore unique to each of us Contents of the personal unconscious are called complexes Complexes - an emotionally toned conglomeration of associated ideas

Collective Unconscious • •

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has roots in the ancestral past of the entire species Distant ancestors’ experiences with universal concepts such as God, mother, water, earth, and so forth have been transmitted through the generations so that people in every clime and time have been influenced by their primitive ancestors’ primordial experiences do not lie dormant but are active and influence a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions “big dreams” countless repetitions of these typical situations have made them part of the human biological constitution Similar to Freud’s phylogenetic endowment

Jung and Freud • • •

He became Freud’s successor of his psychoanalysis theory Later on, because of disagreements, Jung and Freud ended their relationship Alan Elms contended that Jung’s erotic feelings towards Freud – coupled with his early experience of the sexual assault by an older man he once worshipped – may have been one of the major reasons why Jung eventually broke away from Freud o Elms further suggested that Jung’s rejection of Freud’s sexual theories may have stemmed from his ambivalent sexual feelings toward Freud Later Years

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Following years after Jung broke away from Freud were filled with loneliness and self-analysis By using dream interpretation and active imagination to force himself through his underground journey, Jung eventually was able to create his unique theory of personality “Creative Illness” - A trip through the underground of his own unconscious psyche Near the end of his journey, he achieved a kind of psychological rebirth called individuation He died on June 6, 1961 in Zurich

ARCHETYPES!!!! -

Archetypes are ancient or archaic images that derive from the collective uncon- scious. they are emotionally toned collections of associated images.

INSTINCT -

an unconscious physical impulse toward action archetype is the psychic counterpart to an instinct.

*Dreams are the main source of archetypal material, and certain dreams offer what Jung considered proof for the existence of the archetype. COMMON TYPES OF ARCHETYPE Persona -

The side of personality that people show to the world is designated as the persona.

If we identify too closely with our persona, we remain unconscious of our individuality and are blocked from attaining self-realization. [We must find a balance.]

Relationships Shadow • •

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Jung married Emma Rauschenbach and had five children They had been married for nearly 7 years but for the previous 5 years, he was deeply involved with a former patient, Sabrina Spielrein But the two women who shared Jung’s life for nearly 40 years was his wife Emma and another former patient, Antonia

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The archetype of darkness and repression represents those qualities we do not wish to acknowledge but attempt to hide from ourselves and others. consists of morally objectionable tendencies as well as a number of constructive and creative qualities

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(Toni) Wolff Frank McLynn claimed that Jung’s “mother complex” caused him to harbor animosity toward his wife But a more likely explanation is that Jung needed more than one woman to satisfy the two aspects of his personality

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Jung contended that, to be whole, we must continually strive to know our shadow and that this quest is our first test of courage.

Anima -

feminine side of men originating in the collective unconscious as an archetype The process of gaining acquaintance with his anima was Jung’s second test of courage.

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anima originated from early men’s experiences with women The anima influences the feeling side in man and is the explanation for certain irrational moods and feelings.

Animus -

masculine archetype in women the animus is symbolic of thinking and reasoning. The animus is also the explanation for the irrational thinking and illogical opinions often attributed to women.

DYNAMICS OF PERSONALITY CAUSALITY AND TELEOLOGY •

CAUSALITY - Present events have their origin in previous experiences. - “everything that happens is caused to happen in that way”

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TELEOLOGY - Present events are motivated by goals and aspirations for the future that direct a person's destiny. - “everything happens for some reason/ contributes to some good”

Great mother -

Great mother is the preexisting concept of mother and is always associated with both positive and negative feelings. Represents two opposite forces- fertility and nourishment, power and destruction

*Does motivation spring from past cause or from teleological goals? Jung insisted that it comes from BOTH.

Fertility and nourishment

PROGRESSION AND REGRESSION

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To achieve self-realization, people must adapt not only to their outside environment but to their inner world as well.

fertility and nourishment dimension of the great mother archetype is symbolized by a tree, garden, plowed field, sea, heaven, home, country, church, and hollow objects such as ovens and cooking utensils.

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PROGRESSION - Adaptation to the inner world involves the forward flow of psychic energy. - Inclines a person to react consistently to a given set of environmental conditions.

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REGRESSION - Adaptation to the inner world relies on the backward flow of psyche energy. - A necessary backward step in the successful attainment of a goal. - Activates unconscious psyche, an essential aid in the solution of most problems.

Power and destruction -

Because the great mother also represents power and destruction, she is sometimes symbolized as a godmother, the Mother of God, Mother Nature, Mother Earth, a stepmother, or a witch.

Rebirth -

represented by such processes as reincarnation, baptism, resurrection, and individuation or self-realization.

Wise old men -

archetype of wisdom and meaning, symbolizes humans’ preexisting knowledge of the mysteries of life. A man or woman dominated by the wise old man archetype may gather a large following of disciples personified in dreams as father, grandfather, teacher, philosopher, guru, doctor, or priests. Also symbolized by life itself

*Alone, neither progression nor regression leads to development. But the two, working together, can activate the process of healthy personality development.

PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES 2 BASIC ATTITUDES- INTROVERSION and EXTRAVERSION 4 SEPARATE FUNCTIONS- THINKING, FEELING, SENSING and INTUITING.

Hero ATTITUDE -

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represented in mythology and legends as a powerful person, sometimes part god, who fights against great odds to conquer or vanquish evil The image of the hero touches an archetype within us, When the hero conquers the villain, he or she frees us from feelings of impotence and misery; at the same time, serving as our model for the ideal personality

Self -

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is the archetype of archetypes because it pulls together the other archetypes and unites them in the process of selfrealization. The self includes both personal and collective unconscious images self is symbolized by a person’s ideas of perfection, completion, and wholeness, but its ultimate symbol is the mandala

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INTROVERSION • • • •

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depicted as a circle within a square, a square within a circle, or any other concentric figure. It represents the strivings of the collective unconscious for unity, balance, and wholeness.

Turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective. Introverts perceive the external world, but they do so selectively and with their own subjective view. Introverts may be friendly and social, but they find spending extended time with people draining. They like their alone time

EXTRAVERSION

Mandala -

A predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction. Jung insisted that each person has both an introverted and extroverted attitude. Although one may be conscious while the other is unconscious.

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Attitude distinguished by the turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective. Extraverts are more influenced by their surroundings than by their inner world. Extraverts enjoy spending time with others and find their energy levels increased through contact with others.

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represents the perfect self, the archetype of order, unity, and totality

Yin and yang -

represents opposing elements of psyche —male and female, good and evil, light and dark forces.

Psychologically healthy people attain a balance of the two attitudes, feeling equally comfortable with both their internal and external worlds. FUNCTIONS Both introversion and extraversion can combine with any one or more of four functions, forming 8 possible orientations, or types.

THINKING Logical intellectual activity that produces a chain of ideas. Extraverted thinking- rely heavily on concrete thoughts, but they may also use abstract ideas if these ideas have been transmitted to them from the outside. Introverted thinking- reacts to external stimuli, but their interpretation of an event is colored more by the internal meaning they bring with them than by the objective facts themselves. Thinkers focus less on emotion and uses logic and reason.

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THE 4 FUNCTIONS BRIEFLY DEFINED: • Sensing - tells people that something exists • Thinking - enables them to recognize its meaning • Feeling - tells them its value or worth • Intuition - allows them to know about it without knowing how they know. 8 possible combination: I-N, I-T, I-S, I-F, E-N, E-T, E-S, E-F

FEELING • • • • • •

Describe the process of evaluating an idea or an event. Evaluation of every conscious activity. Extraverted feeling- people use objective data to make evaluations. Guided by external values and widely accepted standards of judgement. Introverted feeling- base their value judgements primarily on subjective perceptions rather than objective facts. Places a lot of value on emotion and tries to avoid upsetting other people

SENSING • • • • • • • •

Function that receives physical stimuli and transmits them to perceptual consciousness. Sensing is not identical to the physical stimulus but is simply the individual's perception of sensory impulses. Extraverted sensing- perceive external stimuli objectively. Introverted sensing- largely influenced by their subjective sensations of sight, sound, taste, touch, and so forth. Guided by their interpretation of sense stimuli rather than the stimuli themselves. Focuses on facts Good at remembering and processing facts and are very methodical Deals with verifiable data and has attention to detail

Development of Personality • •

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Stages of Development •

INTUITING • • • •

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Involves the perception beyond the workings of the consciousness. Intuiting differs from sensing in that it is more creative, often adding or subtracting elements from conscious sensation. Extraverted intuitive- oriented toward facts in the external world. Because strong sensory stimuli interfere with intuition. Intuitive people suppress many of their sensations and are guided by their hunches and guesses contrary to sensory data. Introverted intuitive- guided by unconscious perception of facts that are basically subjective and have little or no resemblance to external reality. Their subjective intuitive perceptions are often remarkably strong and capable of motivating decisions of monumental magnitude. Jung believed that introverted intuitive people may not clearly understand their own motivations, yet they are deeply moved by them. Often uses their imagination

Personality develops through a series of stages that culminate in individuation, or self-realization. He emphasized the second half of life, the period after age 35 or 40, when a person has the opportunity to bring together the various aspects of personality and to attain selfrealization. However, the opportunity for degeneration or rigid reactions is also present at that time.

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Jung grouped the stages of life into four general periods— childhood, youth, middle life, and old age. He compared the trip through life to the journey of the sun through the sky, with the brightness of the sun representing consciousness.

CHILDHOOD •

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Jung divided childhood into three substages: - the anarchic - the monarchic - the dualistic anarchic phase o Characterized by chaotic and sporadic consciousness. o “Islands of consciousness” may exist, but there is little or no connection among these islands. o Experiences of the anarchic phase sometimes enter consciousness as primitive images, incapable of being accurately verbalized. monarchic phase

o o o *The 4 functions usually appear in a hierarchy, with one occupying a superior position, another a secondary position, and the other two inferior positions

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Characterized by the development of the ego and by the beginning of logical and verbal thinking. During this time children see themselves objectively and often refer to themselves in the third person. The islands of consciousness become larger, more numerous, and inhabited by a primitive ego. Although the ego is perceived as an object, it is not yet aware of itself as a perceiver....