Unit 1 OCE1001 Study Guide PDF

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Study guide for first exam...

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Unit 1 OCE1001 Study Guide (w/ practice chapter quizzes) Chapter 1

1. Approximately what percentage of the surface of Earth is covered by oceans? a. 71% i. oceans cover a total of 70.8% of earths surface area 2. Which ocean is the deepest on Earth? a. Pacific Ocean i. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean in the world. It also contains the world's deepest spot, the Mariana Trench, at 11,022 meters (36,161 feet) below sea level.

3. The deepest spot in the ocean is deeper than Mt. Everest is high a. True i. the mariana trench is 2172 meters (7126 ft, about a mile and a half) deeper than Mt. Everest is high

4. All the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean a. True i. The area of the continents (29% of Earth’s surface) would easily fit within the area of the Pacific Ocean (about 33% of Earth’s surface)

5. Based on the scientific method, science supports the explanation of the natural world that ______.

a. best explains all available observations 6. The Age of Discovery was the time period in ocean exploration history when ________. a. The Western European world realized the vastness of Earth’s water-covered surface

i.

The Age of Discovery was the period from 1492 to 1522, during which time the voyages of Columbus and Magellan were undertaken. Magellan's voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe.

7. The GPS system is a tool used for determining surface a. location 8. The most accurate scientific extimation of Earth’s age is based on ________.

a. radiometric methods of determining the age of meteriorites and moon rocks i. these are fragments of the early solar system that give us a reliable age of earth

9. The cosmological model for the formation of the Sun and the rest of our solar system is called the _______.

a. nebular hypothesis i. The nebular hypothesis suggests that a cloud of rotating gas and space dust concentrated particles under the force of gravity into the Sun, and material left behind in small eddies became protoplanets.

10.

The oceans are believed to have formed about ______.

a. 4 billion years ago 11.

The early oceans and atmosphere are thought to have come from inside Earth and were formed by a process called outgassing

a. True 12.

Which of the following statements concerning density stratification is false

a. Density stratification has caused Earth to be homogeneous throughout 13.

Of the following, which best describes the physical property of the asthenosphere?

a. plastic i. the asthenosphere is composed of hot rock that has high-viscosity plastic properties (the ability to flow slowly over time

14.

What physical property determines the order of Earth’s layers?

a. density 15.

The vertical movement of crust to accommodate additional weight or removal of weight is called ___________.

a. isostatic adjustment 16.

Which of the following gases was absent from Earth’s early atmosphere?

a. oxygen 17.

The naturalist Charles Darwin, who is credited with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection, suggested that the changes organisms display through time are the result of ______.

a. adaptations to different environmental conditions 18.

The subdivisions of the geologic time scale

a. were initially based on fossil evidence, extinctions, and boundaries of sedimentary rock unit Chapter 2 1. What was the main reason scientists objected to Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental drift? a. Wegener’s proposed mechanism for movement was though to violate the laws of physics 2. As a tool, the modern evidence from paleomagnetism has helped support plate tectonics by showing that ________. a. magnetic sea floor “stripes” are symmetric with respect to the mid-ocean ridge 3. The East Pacific Rise is associated with which type of plate boundary? a. divergent 4. How is it that the ocean floor is so much younger than the ocean itself a. the ocean floor keeps regenerating itself 5. Plate boundaries where new oceanic crust is being added are called _______. a. divergent boundaries 6. The faster the rate of spreading at the mid-ocean ridge or rise, the _____ the underwater volcanic mountain range. a. broader (wider) 7. The Hawaiian Islands are associated with with type of plate boundary? a. none of the above (The Hawaiian Islands are not associated with a plate boundary) 8. In general, where can the youngest ocean floor be found? a. at the mid ocean ridge i. the mid ocean ridge is the site of the youngest ocean floor because that is where new sea floor is created 9. What happens when an oceanic and continental plate converge? a. the oceanic plate will be subducted i. will be subducted because it is dense than the continental plate 10. What happens when two continental plates converge? a. neither subducts, instead a mountain range forms i. ex: Himalayas 11. Your job is to locate the worlds plate boundaries. To do this, you may use only map. The best map to choose for this job is a map that shows the worldwide locations of _________. a. earthquakes 12. Which of the following is associated with a subduction zone? a. a volcanic arc 13. How much wider is the Atlantic Ocean today than when Christopher Columbus sailed? Assume that the Atlantic Ocean is getting wider at a rate of 3 centimeters per year (about 1 inch).

a. 15 meters (about 49 feet) 14. An ocean trench is associated with what type of plate boundary? a. convergent 15. The San Andreas Fault is associated with what type of plate boundary? a. transform 16. Which of the following is associated with subduction zone? a. volcanic arc 17. Where would you NOT expect to find significant volcanic activity? a. continental collision zone 18. Which of the following tropical islands likely be the youngest? a. tropic island without a fringing 19. What best describes the tectonic setting of the Cascade Mountains of the Pacific Northwest? a. subduction zone 20. Overall, the Atlantic Ocean basin ______, and the Pacific Ocean basin is ________. a. growing; shrinking

Chapter 3 1. Bathymetry involves the measurement of the __________. a. depth of the ocean floor below sea level 2. Ocean depths are routinely determined by ____________. a. sending sound through the water and determining the time required for it to return to the ship 3. What happens to the ocean water over a seamount on the ocean floor when measured from a satellite? a. the ocean water rises up to form a mound on the mass of the seamount 4. If you could walk across the sea floor on a passive continental margin, heading away from shore, what is the order of provinces you would cross? a. continental shelf, slope, rise 5. A small, rounded, submerged volcanic hill with a summit that is less than 1km (0.6 mile) about the sea floor is called __________. a. an abyssal hill 6. Which of the following features is NOT associated with the crest of the mid ocean ridge? a. trenches 7. Where would you expect to find well-developed continental shelves? a. along passive continental margins 8. The continental margin of the U.S. Atlantic coast is a ________ continental margin, and the continental margin off the west coast of South America is a ____________ continental margin. a. passive; convergent-active 9. What process is primarily responsible for the formation of the continental rise along the East Coast of the United States? a. deposition of sediment by turbidity currents as deep sea fans 10. Which of the following best describes a continental borderland? a. a series of islands, shallow banks, and a deep basin

11. The steep transition zone between the outer edge of the continental shelf and the deepocean basin is called the ___________. a. continental slope 12. Pillow lavas (pillow basalts) indicate that molten lava came in contact with water and cooled very quickly. a. True 13. The Andes Mountains, which are a tall mountain range along the west coast of South America, are associated with an active continental margin. a. True 14. Turbidity currents are highly erosive and are thought to be responsible for the creation of deep sea trenches. a. False 15. Which of the following statements concerning graded bedding deposits is false? a. They result from successive lava flows 16. Which of the following statements about submarine canyons is false? a. they are found only off mountainous coasts 17. Of the following, which is the best description of a sea floor hydrothermal vent? a. a chimney the emits a column of hot, cloudy water formed from the precipitation of metal rich minerals 18. Why does the midocean ridge have a zig zag appearance? a. it accommodates spreading of a linear ridge system on a spherical Earth 19. Which of the following statements about fracture zones is false? a. they are transform plate boundaries 20. Where is the Ring of Fire located? a. around the margins of the Pacific Ocean...