Chemistry UNIT 1 Study Guide PDF

Preview

Summary

intro to chemistry, elemtns, compound, namilng elements and compounds...

Description

CHEMISTRY UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE. What is Matter?   

Solid, Liquid, gas Anything that takes up space & has mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Types  

Substance- a particular kind of matter – pure- made up of elements and compounds Mixture- more than one kind of matter. 2+ elements and compounds

Properties: Physical – property that can be observed and measure without changing the substances. Chemical – property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance. Extensive- only depends on the amount of matter Mass, weight, volume, length Intensive – only depends on the type of matter, not the amount used to identify a substance. Color, Oder, melting/ freezing point. Ductility- the ability to make copper into wires. States of Matter: Definite volume

Definite shape

SOLID

Yes

Yes

LIQUID

Yes

GAS

No

No Takes up shape of container No

Temperature increase Small expans

compressable No

Small expans

No

Large expans

Yes

Another way to change states of matter: PRESSURE For some substances turn solid to liquid and for others it will turn liquids to solids and gas to liquid.\ Physical Change: changes appearance with changing composition. When it changes phases. Chemical Change/Reaction: change where new matter is formed and when one or more substances are changes into new substances. Reactants: stuff you start with Products: what you make Has new properties because each substance has its own property. Indication of chemical reaction: Energy is absorbed or released in every chemical reaction. Precipitates- solids that separate from solution. Mixtures:    

Each substance in the mixture keeps its own properties. The compound has properties different from the elements it contains. Each substance is easily separated from the mixture. Combination of two or more phases or all made up of two substances. Heterogeneous- mixture that is not the same throughout Homogeneous- mixture that is the same composition throughout—every part keeps its properties.

Separating mixtures – physical change.   

Filtration- separates with barrier Distillation- separates mixtures because of different boiling points. Chromatography- different substances are attached to paper or gel, so move at different speeds.

Phases: A part of sample with uniform composition, therefore uniform properties. Homogeneous- 1 phase Heterogeneous- more than 1 Solutions:     

Homogeneous mixture Mixed molecule by molecule Can occur between any state of matter Like all mixture, keep properties of components Can be separated physically, not easily but can be without creating any new matter.

Substances: Elements: simplest kind of matter. Cannot be broken down. All one kind of atom.

Compounds: substances that can be broken down by chemical methods. When they are broken down the pieces have completely different properties than the compound. Ex: Salt Chemical symbols: Used to write chemical formulas Subscripts tell us how many of each atom H20 (compound) 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Conservation of mass: mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary changes. All the mass can be accounted for Mass at start = mass at end Types of Energy: Potential- stored energy Kinetic - energy that an object has because it’s moving. Heat- energy that moves because of temp difference Chemical- energy released or absorbed during chemical change Electric- energy of moving charges Radiant – energy that can travel through empty space (UV rays) Nuclear- energy from changing the nucleus of atoms. Start of all energy forms. Conservation of energy: Energy can be neither created nor destroyed in ordinary changes. It can only change form.

In a chemical reaction charge, matter, mass, energy are conserved. *******...