UTI Concept map PDF

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Summary

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Description

Pathophysiology

Signs & Symptoms

Interventions

Is an inflammation of the urinary bladder. The inflammation usually is caused by a bacterial infection? Bacteria can invade the bladder from an infection in the kidneys, lymphatics, and urethra. Women are more likely to get this because their urethra is shorter. Causes include urologic instrumentation, fecal contamination, prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia, indwelling catheters, pregnancy, and sexual intercourse.

Urgency, frequency, low back pain, dysuria, perineal and suprapubic pain, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and hematuria, especially at the termination of the stream. If bacteremia is present, the client also may have chills and fever.

Advise pt to drink extra fluids, start drinking cranberry juice, and emphasize the importance of finishing the full course of antimicrobial medication. You also need to instruct the pt on the prevention of repeated UTIs. Teach pt to do thorough cleaning of the perineal area and avoid bubble baths. Sitz baths two or three times a day can relieve discomfort. Voiding at regular intervals promotes emptying the bladder and reduces bacterial counts. Give accurate information to relieve stress.

Diagnosis

Urinary Tract Infection

Labs & Diagnostic Exams Microscopic examination of the urine reveals an increase in RBC & WBC. Culture & sensitivity studies identify the causative microorganism and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. If repeated episodes occur, IVP or cystoscopy may be needed to identify the possible cause(chronic prostatitis or bladder diverticulum).

Treatment

Nursing Diagnosis

Antimicrobial therapy & correction of contributing factors. UTIs usually are treated with ciprofloxacin, fosfomycin, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and combined with a sulfonamide. Phenazopyridine may be used to reduce bladder discomfort. Methenamine may be used for long-term mananagement. Cranberry juice keeps bacteria from adhering to the wall of the bladder, so you can recommend that.

Acute pain r/t infection and inflammation of the bladder and/or urethra Anxiety r/t pain, discomfort, and frequent urination Deficient knowledge regarding inflammation and infection of the bladder & urethra r/t disease process and treatment...