ALL ECE Theories PDF

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explore all theories of early childhood education that are useful for now and future careers ...

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Albert Bandura (Social Learning Theory) •Vicarious vs. Enactive (learning by watching vs. learning by doing) •Four Elements of Observational Learning: 1. Attention 2. Retention 3. Production 4. Motivation & Reinforcement •Four Sources of Self-Efficacy Appraisals: 1. Actual Performance 2. Vicarious Performance 3. Verbal Persuasion 4. Physiological Cues Benjamin Bloom (Cognitive Theory) •Blooms Taxonomy •"Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" •Psychomotor- coordination & kinetics •Cognitive- memory & reasoning •LOTS & HOTS •Affective- emotional response & attitude Urie Bronfenbrenner (Ecological Systems Theory) •Views child as developing within a system of relationships. Each system influences & is influenced by each other: •Microsystem •Exosystem •Macrosystem •Chronosystem Jerome Bruner (Learning Theory/Constructivist Theory) •Discovery Model of Teaching •Learners "construct" new ideas fro concepts & ideas they experience within a context. The information is then transformed & incorporated into a schema for application & future decision making. •Major Aspects:

--predisposition toward learning --structure of knowledge for learner access --sequencing of knowledge presentation --nature of rewards & punishments •Qualitative vs. Quantitative Learning John Comenius •Wrote "Orbis Pictus" (first picture book for kids) •Thought early experiences formed what a child would be like. •Suggested education should occur through the senses John Dewey (Philosophy of Pragmatism/Instrumentalism, Functional Psychology, Democratic Education) •Education must engage with & enlarge personal individual experience. There must be a balance between delivering knowledge & accounting for individual interests & backgrounds. •Learning is based on interaction & environmental contexts; ideas are tools for experimentation. •Education is a cornerstone for democracy; instrument for social change & reform •All individuals are entitled to a quality education in order to "share a common life" •Universal education involves "abandoning habits", thinking creatively, realizing one's skills, & using those skills for the greater good. Erik Erikson (Psychosocial Theory of Development) •8 Stages of Life: --Trust vs. Mistrust --Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt --Initiative vs. Guilt --Industry vs. Inferiority --Identity vs. Role Confusion --Intimacy vs. Isolation --Generativity vs. Stagnation --Ego Integrity vs. Despair Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis; Psychosexual Stages of Development) •Believed that personality was strongly influenced by the ways in which children learn to expend what he called sexual energy from 1 stage to the next

•Oral Stage (0-1 Years) •Anal Stage (1-3 years) •Phallic Stage (3-5 years) •Latency Stage (5-11 years) •Genital Stage (11+ years) Friedrich Froebel (Modern Day Kindergarten) •Referred to as the "Father of Kindergarten" •First educator to develop a planned, systematic program for educating young children •Emphasized the role of mothers in the young child's development •Emphasized the benefits of childhood play Howard Gardner (Cognitive Theory) •Theory of Multiple Intelligences (Intelligence is multifaceted & people have different combinations of strengths drawn from different intelligences) --Linguistic (verbal) --Logical (mathematical) --Spatial --Kinesthetic --Musical --Interpersonal (between people) --Intrapersonal (within self) --Naturalist --Existential •Theory of Entry Points (ways to enter into learning) --Narrational --Logical/Quantitative --Foundational --Esthetic --Experimental John Locke (Tabula Rasa) •Said children are born as blank tablets (Tabula Rasa). •Believed children's experiences determine who they are Martin Luther (Universal Education)

•Translated the Bible from Latin to vernacular language, allowing people to be educated in their own language. •He advocated establishing schools to teach children how to read. Abraham Maslow (Motivational Theory) •Hierarchy of Needs (Deficiency Needs) --Survival (food, water) --Safety --Belonging --Esteem (Being Needs) --Intellectual Achievement --Aesthetic Appreciation --Self-actualization Maria Montessori (Cognitive & Educational Development) •All knowledge comes intrinsically from sensory experiences •Children learn on their own & differently from adults •Sensitive Periods for Growth & Development: --Order --Details --Use of Hands --Walking --Language Ivan Pavlov (Learning Theory) •Classical conditioning •Unconditioned Stimulus: automatic response (mint makes Dwight salivate) •Unconditional Reflex/Response: natural response (Dwight's mouth salivates) •Conditioned Stimulus: conditioned response (Jim training Dwight with mints & computer sound) •Conditioned Reflex/Response: response to neutral stimulus (Dwight holding his hand out for a mint when the computer dings) •Neutral Stimulus: non-responsive stimulus (computer ding) Johann Pestalozzi

•Advocated that education should follow the course of nature. •Believed all education is based on sensory impressions. Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development) •Stages of Development --Sensorimotor --Preoperational Thought --Concrete Operational Thought --Formal Operational Thought •Influences on Cognition --Maturation --Activity --Social Interaction --Equilibration Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Natural Approaches to Education) •Advocated natural approaches to child rearing. •Felt that children's natures unfold as a result of maturation according to an innate timetable. •Wrote "Emile" Edward Thorndike & B.F. Skinner (Learning Theory) •Law of Effect; Knowledge of Operant Conditioning --Respondente are conditioned to act in ways that produce satisfying consequences or avoid negative ones (use of Skinner box; rat learns to pull lever to get food out) •Antecedent--> Behavior--> Consequence Lev Vygotsky (Sociocultural Development) •Zone of Proximal Development •Learning is through cultural tools (language, signs, systems) & behavior is mediated through engaging in imitation, instruction, & collaboration with others...