Aphasmid Nematodes - Discussed by: Sir Mikhail Valdescona, RMT PDF

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Summary

APHASMID NEMATODES (ADENOPHOREA) COMMON NAME Ascaris lumbricoides Giant Intestinal Roundworm Human Hookworms 1. Necator Americanus: American hookworm/ American Murderer/ New world hookworm 2. Ancylostoma duodenale: Old world hookworm 3. Ancylostoma ceylanicum INFECTIVE STAGE Trichuris trichiura (Tri...

Description

APHASMID NEMATODES (ADENOPHOREA) COMMON NAME

Ascaris lumbricoides

Giant Intestinal Roundworm

Human Hookworms 1. Necator Americanus: American hookworm/ American Murderer/ New world hookworm 2. Ancylostoma duodenale: Old world hookworm 3. Ancylostoma ceylanicum

INFECTIVE STAGE

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

Embryonated ova

 Unfertilized egg (2 layers) Albuminoid layer Chorionic layer (true shell)  Fertilized egg (3 layers) Protein coat (Albuminous) Chorionic layer (true shell) Vitelline layer  Embryonated  Decorticated

Rhabditiform larva (feeding) Filariform larva (infective)

Ova: ovoidal, colorless/ hyaline and thin shelled; 56-60 u x 34-40 u Adult: small, cylindrical, fusiform, grayish white Female: 9-13 x 0.35-0.6mm Male: 5-11 x 0.3-045mm

Animal Hookworms 4. Ancylostoma braziliense: Cat hookworm 5. Ancylostoma caninum: Dog hookworm

DEFINITIVE HOST

Man

HABITAT

Lumen of Small Intestines

DISEASES

Ascariasis Dooryard Backyard infection

Capillaria hepatica

Capillary liver worm

Embryonated ova

Ova: outer shell is pitted like golf ball “lemon shaped”

Rats, dogs, cats, monkeys and rarely in human

Liver of the host

Trichuris trichiura (Trichocephalus trichiuris; Trichocephalus dispar)

Whipworm

Embryonated ova

Ova: 50 um x 25 um size Barrel shaped/ football/ Japanese lantern Mucus bipolar plugs

Man but has been found in hogs, monkeys, cattle, dogs, mice

Cecum and Appendix

L3 larva

Ova: Ellipsoidal and brownish yellow; Adults: blood red Male: 14-20cm L x 4-6mm W Bell shaped copulatory bursa not supported by rays Female: 60cm L x 10-12mm W w/ midventral vulva near anterior end

Dioctophyma renale (Eustrongylus gigas)

Giant Kidney Worm

Fish eating mammals

Kidney

TREATMENT

LAB DIAGNOSIS

Mebendazole Pyrantel pamoate Albendazole Neuromuscular effect

 DFS  KTS  Concentration techniques  ELISA

Capillariasis Mystery disease Malabsorption syndrome (Borborygmi)

 DFS  Concentration techniques

 Liver Biopsy

Trichuriasis Trichucephaliasis Whipworm infection Rectal Prolapse

 DFS  KTS  Concentration techniques

 Eggs in urine

APHASMID NEMATODES (ADENOPHOREA) COMMON NAME

Trichinella spiralis (Trichina spiralis)

Trichina Worm

INFECTIVE STAGE

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES

INTERMEDIATE HOST

Encysted Larva

Larva: 80-120um highly coiled Female: 3.5mm x 0.06mm Larviparous Male: 1.5mm x 0.04mm

Glassfish, Bagsit, Bagsang, Ipon

Same animal as the final host

DEFINITIVE HOST

Hogs, rats, man

HABITAT

Skeletal Muscle (Nurse cells)

Large Intestine Small Intestine

Capillariasis Mystery disease Malabsorption syndrome (Borborygmi)

 DFS  Concentration techniques

Pudoc worm

L3 larva

Capillaria hepatica

Capillary liver worm

Embryonated ova

Ova: outer shell is pitted like golf ball “lemon shaped”

Rats, dogs, cats, monkeys and rarely in human

Liver of the host

Embryonated ova

Ova: 50 um x 25 um size Barrel shaped/ football/ Japanese lantern Mucus bipolar plugs

Man but has been found in hogs, monkeys, cattle, dogs, mice

Cecum and Appendix

L3 larva

Ova: Ellipsoidal and brownish yellow; Adults: blood red Male: 14-20cm L x 4-6mm W Bell shaped copulatory bursa not supported by rays Female: 60cm L x 10-12mm W w/ midventral vulva near anterior end

Dioctophyma renale (Eustrongylus gigas)

Whipworm

Giant Kidney Worm

Fish eating mammals

Muscle Biopsy Bachman Intradermal Test Beck’s Xenodiagnosis Serodiagnosis Bentonite Flocculation Blood Count- Eosinophilia

     

Capillaria philippinensis

Trichuris trichiura (Trichocephalus trichiuris; Trichocephalus dispar)

LAB DIAGNOSIS

Trichinosis Trichiniasis Trichinelliasis

Ova: 42 by 20 microns Moderately thick; striated shell; bipolar plug; “peanut shaped” Female: 2.4-4.3mm L Typical Female: 8-10 eggs in utero, single row; Oviparous Atypical Female: 40-45 eggs in utero, 2-3 rows; Larviparous Male: 2.3-3.17mm L

Man and Birds

DISEASES

Kidney

 Liver Biopsy Trichuriasis Trichucephaliasis Whipworm infection Rectal Prolapse

 DFS  KTS  Concentration techniques

 Eggs in urine...