Med Term Ch 17 - Chapter 17!! - Medical Terminology PDF

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Chapter 17!!...

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Chapter 17: otorhinolaryngology - Otorhinolaryngology (ENT): focuses on head and neck, not just a single body system, head and neck: houses sensory organs and provides passageways for air, food, and drinks - Organs include: ears (hearing and balance), nose (smell and entrance for air), pharynx (carries air to larynx and food to esophagus), larynx (speech), and trachea (brings air to lungs) - Diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions aecting head and neck include: hearing, balance, swallowing, voice, neck tumors, and airway problems -

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adenoid/o: adenoids, audi/o: hearing, audit/o: hearing, aur/o: ear, cochle/o: cochlea, epiglott/o: epiglottis, laryng/o: larynx (voice box), myring/o: tympanic membrane (eardrum), nas/o: nose, ot/o: ear, pharyng/o: pharynx (throat), rhin/o: nose, sinus/o: sinus, tonsill/o: tonsils, trache/o: trachea (windpipe), tympan/o: tympanic membrane gastr/o: stomach, myc/o: fungus, neur/o: nerve, py/o: pus -al: pertaining to, -algia: pain, -ar: pertaining to, -eal: pertaining to, -ectomy: surgical removal, -gram: record, -ic: pertaining to, -itis: inflammation, -logist: one who studies, -logy: study of, -megaly: enlarged, -meter: instrument to measure, -metry: process of measuring, -oma: tumor or mass, -ory: pertaining to, -osis: abnormal condition, -osmia: smell, -otomy: cutting into, -phonia: voice, -plasty: surgical repair, -plegia: paralysis, -rrhea: discharge or flow, -rrhexis: rupture, -sclerosis: hardening, -scope: instrument for viewing, -scopy: process of visually examining, -spasm: involuntary muscle contraction, -stenosis: narrowing A-: without, an-: without, de-: without, dys-: abnormal or dicult or painful, endo-: within, pan-: all, para-: beside; two like parts of a pair

Adenoids: one of three pairs of tonsils located in pharynx (also called pharyngeal tonsils), house large number of white blood cells: protect body by removing foreign invaders from air passing through pharynx Ear: responsible for hearing and equilibrium (balance), divided into: external ear, middle ear, and inner ear external ear: pinna (auricle) captures sound waves, funnels them into external auditory canal, sound waves strike tympanic membrane (eardrum) causing it to vibrate middle ear: three tiny bones (ossicles) in middle ear: malleus, incus, and stapes (conduct this vibration across middle ear from tympanic membrane to oval window) Inner ear: oval window movement initiates vibrations in fluid inside inner, vibrating fluid bends hair cells in cochlea which stimulates nerve endings, auditory nerve sends message to brain, inner ear also contains organs for equilibrium semicircular canals Cochlea: part of inner ear containing hair cells responsible for hearing, shaped like a coiled snail shell Epiglottis: cartilage flap that sits above larynx and tips forward to cover larynx with each swallow: prevents flood or drink from entering larynx and trachea Larynx: commonly called voice box, located between pharynx and trachea, contains vocal cords: vibrate as air passes through them and produce sound Tympanic membrane: eardrum Nose: air enters through two nares: passes through nasal cavity into pharynx, nasal cavity: divided down middle by nasal septum, lined by mucous membrane, air is warmed or moisturized or cleansed, houses sensory receptors for sense of smell

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Smell: sensory receptors for smell are located in roof of nasal cavity Pharynx: commonly called throat, muscular tube: receives air from nasal cavity and delivers it to larynx and receives food from oral cavity and transports it to esophagus, location for three sets of tonsils (adenoids, palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils), eustachian tube connects middle ear to pharynx (opens with each swallow and equalizes air pressure in middle ear) Sinuses: paranasal sinuses (para: alongside), air filled cavities located within facial bones and connected to nasal cavity, lined with mucous membrane, act as echo chamber for sound production Trachea: commonly called windpipe, tube that carries air from larynx to lungs: lined with mucous membrane that warms, moisturizes, and cleanses air

Acoustic neuroma

Benign tumor of auditory nerve sheath; symptoms include tinnitus, headache, vertigo, and progressive hearing loss

Cochlear implant

Hearing device surgically placed under skin behind ear; converts sound signals into magnetic impulses to stimulate auditory nerve

croup

Acute respiratory condition common in infants and children; symptoms include barking cough

deafness

Inability to hear or having some degree of hearing impairment

Decognestant

Medication to reduce nasal and sinus stuness and congestion

diphtheria

Bacterial upper respiratory infection; characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat and high mortality rate; uncommon now due to diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) vaccine

Endotracheal (ET) intubation

Inserting tube through mouth and into trachea; creates open upper respiratory airway

epistaxis

nosebleed

Falling test

Group of tests to evaluate balance and equilibrium; for example, balancing on one foot, heel to toe walking, and walking forward with eyes open; test is repeated with patient’s eyes closed; swaying and falling with eyes closed can indicate an equilibrium malfunction

Hearing aid

Device used by persons with impaired hearing to amplify sound; also called amplification device

Meniere disease

Acute or chronic inner ear condition; may lead to a progressive hearing loss; symptoms include vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus

Nasal cannula

Two-pronged plastic device for delivering oxygen directly into nose; one prong is inserted into each naris

Otitis externa (OE)

External ear infection; commonly caused by fungus; also called otomycosis; common name is swimmer’s ear

Otitis interna

Inflammation of inner ear; may aect both hearing and equilibrium; also called inner ear infection

Otitis media (OM)

Bacterial or viral infection of middle ear; common in children; often preceded by upper respiratory infection during which pathogens move from pharynx to middle ear through auditory tube; commonly referred to as a middle ear infection

pertussis

Bacterial infection of upper respiratory system; uncommon now due to diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) vaccine; commonly called whooping cough due to “whoop” sound made when coughing

Pressure-equalizin g (PE tube)

Small tube surgically placed in eardrum; assists in draining Rinne and weber trapped fluid and equalizing pressure between middle ear tuning fork tests cavity and atmosphere

Tests to assess both function of auditory nerve and ability of ear structures to conduct sound waves to inner ear; physician holds tuning fork against or near bones on side of patient’s head

tinnitus

Ringing in the ears

Sensation of spinning or whirling around; incorrectly used to mean dizziness

vertigo

DPT: diphtheria, EENT: eyes or ears or nose or throat, ENT: ear or nose or throat or otorhinolaryngology, ET: endotracheal, HEENT: head or eyes or ears or nose or throat, OE: otitis externa, OM: otitis media, Oto: otology, PE tube: pressure-equalizing tube, URI: upper respiratory infection, T&A: tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Surgical removal of adenoids: adenoidectomy, adenoid inflammation: adenoiditis, study of hearing: audiology, one who studies hearing: audiologist, process of measuring hearing: audiometry, instrument for measuring hearing: audiometer, record of hearing: audiogram, pertaining to hearing: auditory, pertaining to the ear: aural, pertaining to the cochlea: cochlear, Pertaining to the epiglottis: epiglottic, epiglottis inflammation: epiglottitis, pertaining to larynx: laryngeal, larynx inflammation: laryngitis, process of visually examining larynx: laryngoscopy, instrument for viewing larynx: laryngoscope, surgical removal of larynx: laryngectomy, surgical repair of larynx: laryngoplasty, larynx paralysis: laryngoplegia, involuntary muscle contraction of the larynx: laryngospasm, inflammation of eardrum: myringitis, surgical removal of the eardrum: myringectomy, surgical repair of eardrum: myringoplasty, hardening of the eardrum: myringosclerosis, cutting into eardrum: myringotomy, pertaining to nose: nasal, pertaining to the nose and stomach: nasogastric, pertaining to the nose and throat: nasopharyngeal, without smell: anosmia, pertaining to the ear: otic, ear inflammation: otitis, ear pain: otalgia, study of the ear: otology, one who studies the ear: otologist, process of visually examining the ear: otoscopy, instrument for viewing the ear: otoscope, surgical repair of the ear: otoplasty, abnormal condition of ear fungus: otomycosis, discharge of pus from the ear: otopyorrhea, pertaining to the pharynx: pharyngeal, pharynx inflammation: pharyngitis, surgical repair of pharynx: pharyngoplasty, involuntary muscle contraction of the pharynx: pharyngospasm, cutting into the pharynx: pharyngotomy, without voice: aphonia, abnormal or dicult voice: dysphonia, nose inflammation: rhinitis, surgical repair of nose: rhinoplasty, discharge from the nose: rhinorrhea, abnormal condition of having nose fungus: rhinomycosis, sinus inflammation: sinusitis, inflammation of all sinuses: pansinusitis, nose and sinus inflammation: nasosinusitis, pertaining to the tonsils: tonsillar, surgical removal of the tonsils: tonsillectomy, pertaining to trachea: tracheal, enlarged trachea: tracheomegaly, surgical repair of trachea: tracheoplasty, cutting into trachea: tracheotomy, narrowing of trachea: tracheostenosis, pertaining to within the trachea: endotracheal, pertaining to eardrum: tympanic, process of measuring eardrum: tympanometry, instrument for measuring eardrum: tympanometer, eardrum record: tympanogram, surgical repair of the eardrum: tympanoplasty, eardrum rupture: tympanorrhexis, cutting into eardrum: tympanotomy...