Med Term Ch 13 - Chapter 13!!! - MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PDF

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Chapter 13!!!...

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Chapter 13: obstetrics and gynecology - Female reproductive system is vital to continuation of human race: ovaries produce egg cells called ova, fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, embryo develops in the uterus, during birth baby passes through vagina, breasts secrete milk to nourish newborn - Ovaries also secrete female sex hormones: estrogen, progesterone, and work together to regulate reproductive cycle Gynecology - Branch of medicine that: diagnosis and treats conditions of female reproductive organs and provides general medical care for women - Branch of medicine that specializes in pregnancy and childbirth Combining forms - amni/o: amnion, cervic/o: neck or cervix, chori/o: chorion, colp/p: vagina, embry/o: embryo, episi/o: vulva, fet/o: fetus, gynec/o: woman female, hyster/o: uterus, lapar/o: abdomen, mamm/o: breast, mast/o: breast, men/o: menses or menstruation, metr/o: uterus, nat/o: birth, o/o: egg, oophor/o: ovary, ovari/o: ovary, salping/o: uterine fallopian tube, uter/o: uterus, vagin/o: vagina - carcin/o: cancer, cyst/o: urinary bladder sac, fibr/o: fibrous, hem/o: blood, olig/o: scanty, pelv/o: pelvis, rect/o: rectum - -al: pertaining to, -algia: pain, -an: pertaining to, -ary: pertaining to, -cele: protrusion, -centesis: puncture to withdraw fluid, -cyesis: pregnancy, -cyte: cell, -ectomy: surgical removal, -genesis: produces generates, -genic: producing, -gram: record, -graphy: process of recording, -gravida: pregnancy, -ic: pertaining to, -ine: pertaining to, -itis: inflammation, -logist: one who studies, -logy: study of, -lytic: destruction, -metry: process of measuring, -nic: pertaining to, -oid: resembling, -oma: tumor mass, -osis: abnormal condition, -otomy: cutting into, -para: to bear (ospring), partum: childbirth, -pexy: surgical fixation, -plasty: surgical fixation, -rrhagia: bursting forth, -rrhaphy: suture, -rrhea: flow discharge, -rrhexis: rupture, -scope: instrument for viewing, -scopy: process of viewing, -tic: pertaining to - A-: without, ante-: before, dys-: painful dicult abnormal, endo-: within inner, intra-: inside, nulli-: none, multi-: many, neo-: new, post-: after, pre-: before, primi-: first, trans-: across

Building terms - amni/o: combining form meaning amnion, inner sac surrounding fetus, contains amniotic fluid in which fetus floats - cervic/o: combining form meaning cervix, narrow lower portion of uterus, opens into vagina, also called neck of the uterus - chori/o: combining form meaning chorion, outer sac surrounding and protecting fetus, forms part of placenta - colp/o: combining form meaning vagina, muscular tube extending from cervix to outside of body, receives penis and semen during intercourse, also called the birth canal - embry/o: combining form meaning embryo, early stage of human development: from time of fertilization until approximately end of second month of pregnancy - episi/o: combining form meaning vulva, general term for all female external genitalia including: labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris - fet/o: combining form meaning fetus, later stage of human development from approximately beginning of third month to birth

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-gravida: sux meaning pregnancy, gestation is length of time of a pregnancy, normal gestation for humans is 40 weeks gynec/o: combining form meaning female hyster/o: combining form meaning uterus, hollow pear shaped organ in lower pelvic cavity: between urinary bladder and rectum, fundus is upper portion between where fallopian tubes enter, body of uterus is largest central region, cervix is narrow lowest regio that opens in vagina, endometrium is inner lining which thickens during the month and is sloughed o during menstrual period, myometrium is thick muscular wall which contracts to push fetus through birth canal lapar/o: combining form meaning abdomen Combining form meaning breast, collection of glands to produce milk to nourish infant mast/o: another combining form meaning breast men/o: combining form meaning menstruation, period of time during the monthly period when endometrial lining of uterus is shed, appears as bloody flow through cervix and vagina metr/o: another combining form meaning uterus nat/o: combining form meaning birth o/o: combining form meaning egg, refers to ovum, cell that carries mother’s half of chromosomes, combines with sperm to form new human oophor/o: combining form meaning ovary, almond-shaped pair of organs located on each side of uterus and connected to uterus by fallopian or uterine tube, produce ova and release ovum from ovary which is called ovulation, secrete female hormones estrogen and progesterone ovari/o: another combining form meaning ovary -para: sux meaning to bear ospring, refers to the numbers of times a pregnancy has successfully ended with birth of infant -partum: sux meaning childbirth salping/o: combining form meaning fallopian tube, narrow tube that runs from area around each ovary to upper uterus, ovum travels from ovary to uterus through fallopian tube, normal location for fertilization, also called uterine tube, uter/o: another combining form meaning uterus vagin/o: another combining form meaning vagina

Abortion (AB)

Discharge of embryo from uterus before about 20th week of gestation; spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) is unplanned and due to death of embryo; elective abortion is legal termination of pregnancy; therapeutic abortion is necessary for mother’s health

Abruptio placentae

Emergency condition occurring when placenta tears away from uterine wall prior to birth of fetus; requires immediate delivery of baby

atresia

Lack of normal body opening; for example, hysteratresia is closing of cervix, usually from scarring

Breast cancer

Malignant tumor of breast; usually forms in milk glands or lining of milk ducts

Cervical cancer

Malignant tumor of cervix; some cases caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), sexually transmitted virus for which there is now vaccine; regular Pap smear used for early detection

Cesarean section (CS, C-section)

Surgical delivery of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls; named for Roman emperor, julius caesar, who is said to have been the first person born by this method

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Removal of small piece of chorion for genetic analysis; may be done at earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis

conization

Surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy

cystocele

Hernia or outpouching of bladder protrudes into vagina; can cause urinary frequency and urgency and block vagina

Dilation and curettage (D&C)

Surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping or suctioning out endometrial lining of uterus; often performed after spontaenous abortion or to stop excessive bleeding from other

causes Ectopic pregnancy

Pregnancy occurring outside of uterus, usually in uterine tubes; growing fetus will rupture uterine tube requiring a salpingectomy; also called salpingocyesis

endometriosis

Condition when endometrial tissue appears throughout pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring

Endometrial cancer

Cancerous tumor forms in lining of uterus

Fibrocystic breast disease

Benign cysts in breast tissue; not precancerous

Fetal monitoring

Use of electronic equipment placed on mother’s abdomen or fetus’ scalp to check fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor; normal FHR ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute; drop in fetal heart rate indicates fetal distress

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Condition developing in fetus when mother’s blood type is Rh-negative and baby’s blood is Rh-positive; antibodies in mother’s blood enter fetus’ bloodstream through placenta and destroy fetus’ red blood cells; causes anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of spleen; treated with intrauterine blood transfusion; also called erythroblastosis fetalis

Fibroid tumor

Benign tumor of fiber-like tissue; the most common type of tumor in women; grows in the uterus

Fistula

Abnormal passageway between two structures’ vesicovaginal fistula is between urinary bladder and vagina; rectovaginal fistula is between rectum and vagina

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Infertility treatment; ova removed from women are fertilized by sperm externally; embryos returned to uterus for development; commonly called test tube baby

infertility

Inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercoruse for one year

Ovarian cancer

Cancerous tumor formed within ovary

Papanicolau (pap) smear

Test for early detection of cervical cancer; named after developer George Papanicolaou, a greek physician; cells are removed from cervix by simple scraping and examined under microscope

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Chronic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity; can result in scarring that interferes with fertility

Placenta previa

Placenta forms in lower portion of uterus and blocks birth canal; may require c-section for delivery

Premature birth

Birth of fetus before 37 weeks of gestation

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Symptoms that develop just prior to onset of menstrual period; may include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety

Prolapsed uterus

Fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

rectocele

Protrusion or herniation of rectum into vagina

Stillbirth (SB)

Birth in which viable-aged fetus dies shortly before or at time of delivery

Tubal ligation

Surgical tying o of uterine tubes to prevent pregnancy

Ab: abortion, BSE: breast self-examination, CS or c-section: cesarean section, CVS: chorionic villus sampling, Cx: cervix, D&C: dilation and curettage, EMB: endometrial biopsy, ERT: estrogen replacement therapy, FHR: fetal heart rate, RHT: fetal heart tone, FTND: full-term normal delivery, GI or grav I: first pregnancy, GYN or gyn: gynecology, HDN: hemolytic disease of the newborn, HPV: human papilloma virus, HRT: hormone replacement therapy, HSG: hystero-salpingography, IVF: instrauterine device, IVF: in vitro fertilization, LMP: last menstrual period, NB: newborn, OB: obstetrics, OCPs: oral contraceptives, Pap: papanicolaou test, PI or para I: first birth, PID: pelvic inflammatory disease, PMS: premenstrual syndrome, SB: stillbirth, TAH-BSO: total abdominal hysterectomy - bilateral salpingooophorectomy

Flow of amniotic fluid: amniorrhea, rupture of the amnion: amniorrhexis, Pertaining to the cervix: cervical, inflammation within the cervix: endocervicitis, cancerous tumor of the chorion: choriocarcinoma, instrument to visually examine the vagina: colposcope, surgical removal of the vagina: colpectomy, producing an embryo: embryogenic, study of the embryo: embryology, surgical repair of the vulva: episioplasty, pertaining to the fetus: fetal, instrument for visually examining the fetus: fetoscope, no pregnancies: nulligravida, first pregnancy: primigravida, many pregnancies: multigravida, one who studies the female: gynecologist, surgical fixation of the uterus: hysteropexy, ruptured uterus: hysterorrhexis, process of recording the uterus: hysterography, cutting into the abdomen: laparotomy, pertaining to the breast: mammary, surgical removal of the breast: mammoplasty, breast pain: mastalgia, without menstrual flow: amenorrhea, scanty menstrual flow: oligomenorrhea, inner uterus inflammation: endometritis, flow from uterus: metorrhea, pertaining to a newborn: neonatal, who studies the newborn: neonatologist, egg cell: oocyte, produces an egg: oogenesis, surgical fixation of the ovary: oophoropexy, pertaining to the ovary: ovarian, ovary and fallopian tube inflammation: ovariosalpingitis, no births: nullipara, many births: multipara, before childbirth: antepartum, after childbirth: postpartum, record of the fallopian tube: salpingogram, pregnancy in the fallopian tube: salpingocyesis, pertaining to the uterus: uterine, pertaining to inside or within the uterus: intrauterine, pertaining to across the vagina: transvaginal, pertaining to amnion: amniotic, cutting into amnion: amniotomy, puncture of amnion to withdraw fluid: amniocentesis, rupture of amnion: amniorrhexis, pertaining to cervix: cervical, surgical removal of cervix: cervicectomy, cervix inflammation: cervicitis, surgical repair of cervix: cervicoplasty, pertaining to chorion: chorionic, instrument for viewing vagina: colposcope, process of visually examining vagina: colposcopy, surgical removal of vagina: colpectomy, suture the vagina: colporrhaphy, pertaining to embryo: embryonic, study of embryo: embryology, suture of vulva: episiorrhaphy, cutting into vulva: episiotomy, process of measuring fetus: fetometry, instrument for viewing fetus: fetoscope, process of visually examining fetus: fetoscopy, study of female: gynecology, surgical removal of uterus: hysterectomy, record of uterus: hysterogram, instrument for viewing abdomen: laparoscope, process of visually examining abdomen: laparoscopy, record of breast: mammogram, process of recording breast: mammography, surgical repair of breast: mammoplasty, breast inflammation: mastitis, surgical removal of breast: mastectomy, painful menstrual flow: dysmenorrhea, abnormal flow condition of excessive menstruation: menorrhagia, flow from uterus: metrorrhea, abnormal flow condition from uterus: metrorrhagia, pertaining to birth: natal, study of newborn: neonatology, ovary inflammation: oophoritis, surgical removal of ovary: oophorectomy, first birth: primipara, surgical removal of uterine tube: salpingectomy, uterine tube inflammation: salpingitis, process of recording uterine tube: salpingography, surgical repair of uterus: uteroplasty, instrument for viewing uterus: uteroscope, process of visually examining uterus: uterscopy, pertaining to vagina: vaginal, vagina inflammation: vaginitis...