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Mérida City

Collage of the City of Mérida

Coat of arms

Mérida

Location in Yucatán Coordinates:

20°58′12″N 89°37′12″WCoordinates:

20°58′12″N 8

9°37′12″W

Country

Mexico

State

Yucatán

Municipality

Mérida

City founded

January 6, 1542

Government • Mayor

Alejandro Ruz Castro (Acting Mayor, 2021) (PAN)

Elevation

10 m (30 ft)

Population (2015)[1][failed verification][citation needed] • Total

892,363

• Density

858.41/km2 (2,223.3/sq mi)

• Demonym

Meridian

Time zone

UTC−6 (CST)

• Summer

UTC−5 (CDT)

(DST) Postal code

97000

Area code(s)

999

Major airport

Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport

IATA Code

MID

ICAO Code

MMMD

INEGI Code

310500001[2]

Climate

Aw

Website

merida.gob.mx

Mérida (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmeɾiða] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city in Yucatán state in Mexico, as well as the largest city of the Yucatán Peninsula. The city is located in the northwest part of the state, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) off the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The city is also the municipal seat of the Municipality of Mérida, which includes the city and the areas around it. According to the 2020 census, the population of Mérida was 1,161,000. The Greater Mérida metropolitan area includes the municipalities of Mérida, Umán, and Kanasín and had a population of 1,035,238 in the 2010 census. The municipality's area is 858.41 km2 (331.43 sq mi).[3]

Contents     

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1History 2Geography o 2.1Climate 3Economy 4Governance 5Culture o 5.1Food o 5.2Language and accent 6Main sights o 6.1Historic sites o 6.2Cultural centers o 6.3Museums o 6.4Major theaters with regular shows 7Sports 8Transportation o 8.1Bus o 8.2Taxis o 8.3Air o 8.4Train o 8.5Roads

      

9Health 10Education 11Notable people 12Twin towns – sister cities 13References o 13.1Works cited 14Bibliography 15External links

History[edit]

House of Montejo in a 19th-century lithograph

Mérida city center in 1981

One of Merida's twin mansions “Las Casas Gemelas”

Cathedral of Mérida (1598)

See also: Timeline of Mérida, Mexico There were three Spanish conquistadors named "Francisco de Montejo": Francisco de Montejo "el Adelantado" ("The Lieutenant", the eldest); Francisco de Montejo y León "el Mozo" ("The Boy", his son); and Francisco de Montejo "el Sobrino" ("The Nephew"). Mérida was founded in 1542 by Montejo y León ("el Mozo") and named after the town of Mérida in Extremadura, Spain. It was built on the site of the Maya city of T'hó (/ d ʼχø ʼ/), which was also called Ichkanzihóo or Ichcaanzihó (/isʃkan'siχœ/; "City of Five Hills") in reference to its pyramids. Carved Maya stones from ancient T'ho were used to build the Spanish colonial buildings which are numerous in downtown Mérida; these stones are visible, for instance, in the walls of the main cathedral. Much of Mérida's architecture from the colonial period through the 18th century and 19th century is still standing in the centro histórico of the city. From colonial times through the mid-19th century, Mérida was a walled city intended to protect the Peninsular and Criollo residents from periodic revolts by the indigenous Maya. Several of the old Spanish city gates survive, but modern Mérida has expanded well beyond the old city walls.

Monument to Gonzalo Guerrero in Paseo de Montejo avenue. Guerrero was a shipwrecked Spanish mariner who married a Maya woman and later fought with the Mayas against the Spanish conquest of Yucatán

Late in the 19th century and the early 20th Century, the area surrounding Mérida prospered from the production of henequén. For a brief period, around the turn of the 20th century, Mérida was said to house more millionaires than any other city in the world. The result of this concentration of wealth can still be seen today. Many large and elaborate homes still line the main avenue called Paseo de Montejo, though few are occupied today by individual families. Many of these homes have been restored and now serve as office buildings for banks and insurance companies. Korean immigration to Mexico began in 1905 when more than a thousand people arrived in Yucatán from the city of Incheon. These first Korean migrants settled around Mérida as workers in henequen plantations. Completed in 1911 by Camilo and Ernesto Cámara Zavala, “Las Casas Gemelas” (The Twin Houses), are two side by side French and Spanish style mansions that remain from the early 20th Century. They are two of only a few houses that are still used as residences on Paseo Montejo from that era. They are owned by the Barbachano and Molina Méndez families. During the Porfiriato, the Barbachano house held cultural events that hosted artists, poets, and writers. In the mid-1900s, the Barbachanos hosted aristocrats including Princess Grace and Prince Ranier of Monaco, as well as first lady of the U.S., Jacqueline Kennedy.[4] Mérida has one of the largest centro histórico districts in the Americas (surpassed only by Mexico City and Havana, Cuba). Colonial homes line the city streets to this day, in various states of disrepair and renovation; the historical center of Mérida is currently undergoing a minor renaissance as more and more people are moving into the old buildings and reviving their former glory. In August 1993, Pope John Paul II visited the city on his third trip to Mexico.[5] The city has been host to two bilateral United States – Mexico conferences, the first in

1999 (Bill Clinton – Ernesto Zedillo) and the second in 2007 (George W. Bush – Felipe Calderón). In June 2007, Mérida moved its city museum to the renovated Post Office building next to the downtown market. The Museum of the City of Mérida houses important artifacts from the city's history, as well as an art gallery. Mérida hosted the VI Summit of Association of Caribbean States, in April 2014. Mérida is the cultural and financial capital of the Yucatán Peninsula, as well as the capital city of the state of Yucatán. In recent years, important science competitions and World events have been held in Mérida – FITA Archery World Cup Finals, the International Cosmic Ray Conference, a Physics Olympiad, etc.

Geography[edit]

The city as seen from the 18th floor of the Hyatt Regency Hotel Monument to the Yucatán caste war

Mérida is located in the northwest part of the state of Yucatán, which occupies the northern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula. To the east is the state of Quintana Roo, to the west is the state of Campeche, to the north is the Gulf of Mexico, and far to the south is the state of Chiapas. The city is also located in the Chicxulub Crater. It has a very flat topography and is only 9 metres (30 ft) above sea level. The land outside of Mérida is covered with smaller scrub trees and former henequen fields. Almost no surface water exists, but several cenotes (underground springs and rivers) are found across the state. Mérida has a centro histórico typical of colonial Spanish cities. The street grid is based on odd-numbered streets running east/west and even-numbered streets running north/south, with Calles 60 and 61 bounding the "Plaza Grande" in the heart of the city. The more affluent neighborhoods are located to the north and the most densely populated areas are to the south. The Centro Histórico area is becoming increasingly popular with Americans and other expatriates who are rescuing and restoring the classic colonial structures. In 2007 the Los Angeles Times recently noted this surge of interest in rescuing Mérida's historic downtown.[6]

Climate[edit] Mérida features a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen: Aw).[7] The city lies in the trade wind belt close to the Tropic of Cancer, with the prevailing wind from the east. Mérida's climate is hot and its humidity is moderate to high, depending on the time of year. The average annual high temperature is 33 °C (91 °F), ranging from 28 °C (82 °F) in January to 36 °C (97 °F) in May, but temperatures often rise above

38 °C (100 °F) in the afternoon in this time. Low temperatures range between 18 °C (64 °F) in January to 23 °C (73 °F) in May and June. It is most often a few degrees hotter in Mérida than in coastal areas due to its inland location and low elevation. The rainy season runs from June through October, associated with the Mexican monsoon which draws warm, moist air landward. Easterly waves and tropical storms also affect the area during this season. hideClimate data for Mérida (195

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Record high °C (°F)

39.5 (103.1)

39.5 (103.1)

42.0 (107.6)

43.0 (109.4)

43.0 (109.4)

41.5 (106.7

Average high °C (°F)

30.8 (87.4)

31.5 (88.7)

34.0 (93.2)

35.6 (96.1)

36.3 (97.3)

35.3 (95.5

Daily mean °C (°F)

24.0 (75.2)

24.4 (75.9)

26.3 (79.3)

27.9 (82.2)

29.0 (84.2)

28.5 (83.3

Average low °C (°F)

17.2 (63.0)

17.3 (63.1)

18.6 (65.5)

20.2 (68.4)

21.7 (71.1)

21.6 (70.9

Record low °C (°F)

9.2 (48.6)

9.5 (49.1)

9.0 (48.2)

10.0 (50.0)

10.0 (50.0)

10.0 (50.0

Average rainfall mm (inches)

38.4 (1.51)

32.2 (1.27)

22.5 (0.89)

24.4 (0.96)

69.4 (2.73)

138.3 (5.44

Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)

4.2

3.3

2.3

1.9

4.6

10.8

Average relative humidity (%)

70

68

63

64

63

71

Mean monthly sunshine hours

208.6

205.9

241.8

254.1

273.2

231.0

Source 1: Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (hum

Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–199

Economy[edit] The Yucatan Peninsula, in particular the capital city Mérida, is in a prime location which allows for economic growth. Mérida has been a popular location for investment.[11] This, in turn, has allowed the Yucatan economy to grow at three times the rate of the national average.[11] Since Mérida is the capital city of Yucatan and one of the largest cities in this section of Mexico, region-based urbanization is highly influential, in comparison to city-based urbanization.[12] As the capital city of the state of Yucatan, Mérida has its advantages, "Cities, particularly capital cities, are where the vast majority of modern productive activities are concentrated in the developing world and where the vast majority of paid employment opportunities are located."[13] Many resources have been allocated to this region, but not everyone prospers with the influx of these resources. High rates of urban poverty can be attributed to the rapid development of these cities and resource and service allocation can be disproportionate between the rich and the poor of the area. Due to the rapid expansion of these cities, there is uneven distribution of services among members of the community.[13] Due to the developing economy, based on urbanization of the city, high rates between the social classes are present; notable zones throughout the city are visible marking where the upper or lower class are present.[14]

Governance[edit]

Merida's Municipal Palace, seat of the City Hall and Mayor's office.

Interior of the government palace building decorated with murals by Fernando Castro Pacheco

Mérida is the constitutional capital of the state of Yucatán. State government officials reside here. The municipal or local government is invested under the authority of a City Council (Ayuntamiento) which it is seated at the Municipal Palace of Merida, located at the city's downtown. The City Council is presided by a municipal president or mayor, and an assembly conformed by a number of regents (regidores) and trustees (síndicos). Renán Barrera Concha became Mayor on September 1, 2018.

Culture[edit]

Italian and French-style architecture is common at city downtown and the Paseo de Montejo avenue.

Yucatec Maya architecture in The Americas Park (Parque de las Américas) located near downtown Merida. The park is a social and cultural place for the residents.

Mérida has been nicknamed "The White City" (La Ciudad Blanca), though the exact origin of this moniker is not clear. Some explanations include the common color of its old buildings painted and decorated with "cal" or the fact that the residents keep the city particularly clean. Mérida was named after the Spanish town of the same name, originally (in Latin) Augústa Emérita (see Mérida, Spain).

Mérida has served as the American Capital of Culture in the years 2000 and 2017. [15]

As the state and regional capital, Mérida is a cultural center, featuring multiple museums, art galleries, restaurants, movie theatres, and shops. Mérida retains an abundance of colonial buildings and is a cultural center with music and dancing playing an important part in day-to-day life. At the same time it is a modern city with a range of shopping malls, auto dealerships, hotels, restaurants, and leisure facilities. The famous avenue Paseo de Montejo is lined with original sculpture. Each year, the MACAY Museum in Mérida mounts a new sculpture installation, featuring works from Mexico and one other chosen country. Each exhibit remains for ten months of the year. In 2007, sculptures on Paseo de Montejo featured works by artists from Mexico and Japan.

Yucatán's Maya Museum

Mérida and the state of Yucatán have traditionally been isolated from the rest of the country by geography, creating a unique culture. The conquistadors found the Mayan culture to be incredibly resilient, and their attempts to eradicate Mayan tradition, religion, and culture had only moderate success. The surviving remnants of the Mayan culture can be seen every day, in speech, dress, and in both written and oral histories. It is especially apparent in holidays like Hanal Pixan, a Mayan/Catholic Day of the Dead celebration. It falls on October 31, November 1, and November 2 (one day for children, one day for adults, and one day for all souls)[16] and is commemorated by elaborate altars dedicated to dead relatives. It is a compromise between the two religions with crucifixes mingled with skull decorations and food sacrifices/offerings. Múkbil pollo (pronounced/'mykβil p ʰo ʎo ˀ/) is the Mayan tamal pie offered to the dead on All Saints' Day, traditionally accompanied by a cup of hot chocolate. Many Yucatecans enjoy eating this on and around the Day of the Dead. And, while complicated to make, they can be purchased and even shipped via air. (Muk-bil literally means "to put in the ground" or to cook in a pib, an underground oven). For English speakers or would-be speakers, Mérida has the Mérida English Library,[17] a lending library with an extensive collection of English books, videos, tapes, and children's books. The library is also the site for expatriate meetings, children's storytelling hours, and other cultural events.

Mérida is also home to the Yucatán Symphony Orchestra, which plays regular seasons at the José Peón Contreras Theatre on Calle 60 and features classical music, jazz, and opera.[18]

Food[edit] Yucatán food is its own unique style and is very different from what most people consider "Mexican" food. It includes influences from the local Mayan cuisine, as well as Caribbean, Mexican, European and Middle Eastern foods. Tropical fruit, such as coconut, pineapple, plum, tamarind and mamey are often used in Yucatán cuisine.

Papadzules, a Maya meal consisting of pumpkin seed-soaked corn tortillas filled with egg, spices and other seasonings, is an ancient dish of the Yucatán.

There are many regional dishes. Some of them are:  

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Poc Chuc, a Mayan/Yucateco version of boiled/grilled pork Salbutes and Panuchos. Salbutes are soft, cooked tortillas with lettuce, tomato, turkey and avocado on top. Panuchos feature fried tortillas filled with black beans, and topped with turkey or chicken, lettuce, avocado and pickled onions. Habanero chiles accompany most dishes, either in solid or puréed form, along with fresh limes and corn tortillas. Queso Relleno is a gourmet dish featuring ground pork inside of a carved edam cheese ball served with tomato sauce Pavo en Relleno Negro (also known locally as Chilmole) is turkey meat stew cooked with a black paste made from roasted chiles, a local version of the mole de guajalote found throughout Mexico. The meat soaked in the black soup is also served in tacos, sandwiches and even in panuchos or salbutes.

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Sopa de Lima is a lime soup with a chicken broth base often accompanied by shredded chicken or turkey and crispy tortilla. Papadzules. Egg "tacos" bathed with pumpkin seed sauce and tomatoes. Cochinita pibil is a marinated pork dish, by far the most renowned from Yucatán, that is made with achiote. Achiote is a reddish spice with a distinctive flavor and peppery smell. It is also known by the Spanish (Recados) seasoning paste. Bul keken (Mayan for "beans and pork") is a traditional black bean and pork soup. The soup is served in the home on Mondays in most Yucatán towns. The soup is usually served with chopped onions, radishes, chiles, and tortillas. This dish is also commonly referred to as frijol con puerco. Brazo de reina (Spanish for "The Queen's Arm") is a traditional tamal dish. A long, flat tamal is topped with ground pumpkin seeds and rolled up like a roll cake. The long roll is then cut into slices. The slices are topped with a tomato sauce and a pumpkin seed garnish. Tamales colados is a traditional dish made with pork/chicken, banana leaf, fresh corn masa and achiote paste, seasoned with roasted tomato sauce.

Achiote is a popular spice in the area. It is derived from the hard annatto seed found in the region. The whole seed is ground together with other spices and formed into a reddish seasoning paste, called recado rojo. The other ingredients in the paste include cinnamon, allspice berries, cloves, Mexican oregano, cumin seed, sea salt, mild black peppercorns, apple cider vinegar, and garlic. Hot sauce in Mérida is usually made from the indigenous chiles in the area which include: Chile Xcatik, Chile Seco de Yucatán, and Chile Habanero.

Language and accent[edit] The Spanish language spoken in the Yucatán is readily identifiable as different in comparison to the Spanish spoken all over the country, and even to non-native ears. It is heavily influenced ...