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Tableau périodique des éléments en couleur....

Description

P E R I O D I C

Group 1 IA 1 2S1/2

FREQUENTLY USED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS §

Hydrogen 1.008* 1s 13.5984

3

S1/2

Lithium

Beryllium

6.94* 2 1s 2s 5.3917

9.0121831 2 2 1s 2s 9.3227

11 3

Magnesium 24.305*

[Ne]3s 5.1391

[Ne]3s 7.6462

2

1

20

S1/2

S0

R R c R hc eV k R

electron volt Boltzmann constant molar gas constant

(exact) (ħ /2 )

Helium

13 IIIA

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

40.078 2 [Ar]4s 6.1132

44.955908

47.867

50.9415 3 2 [Ar]3d 4s 6.7462

51.9961 5 [Ar]3d 4s 6.7665

54.938044

55.845 2

58.933194 7 2 [Ar]3d 4s 7.8810

58.6934 8 2 [Ar]3d 4s 7.6399

63.546 10 [Ar]3d 4s 7.7264

65.38 10 2 [Ar]3d 4s 9.3942

F5

45

38

S1/2

S0

Rb

Sr

Rubidium

Strontium

55

Sc

2

[Ar]3d4s 6.5615

39

87.62 2 [Kr]5s 5.6949

2

2

Y

D3/2

Yttrium 88.90584 2

[Kr]4d5s 6.2173

1

56

S1/2

Ti 2

[Ar]3d 4s 6.8281

40

F2

Zr

41

6

D1/2

Cr

42

5

2

[Ar]3d 4s 7.4340

7

S3

43

6

S5/2

Cobalt

Iron 6

[Ar]3d 4s 7.9025

44

5

F2

73

F3/2

Ta

74

D0

6

75

S5/2

2

S1/2

Ag

48

1

Cd

S0

15

4

S °3/2

16

3

P

S

Phosphorus

Sulfur

P2

17

2

1

10

S0

Ne Neon

P °3/2

20.1797 2 2 6 1s 2s 2p 21.5645

18

1

Cl

Ar

Chlorine

Argon

S0

1

S0

3

Rf

Tantalum

F2

4

Re

W

Rhenium

Tungsten

F3/2

5

76

D4

4

77

F9/2

3

78

D3

106

0

Sg

5/2

108

4

Rutherfordium

(226) 2 [Rn]7s 5.2784

(267) (268) (271) (269) (270) 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2 14 2 2 [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 14 6d3 7s2 [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s 6.01 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.6

Ground-state Level

G4°

Ce

Cerium 140.116 2 [Xe]4f5d6s 5.5386 Ionization Energy (eV)

57

2

D3/2

La

Lanthanum 138.90547 2

[Xe]5d6s 5.5769

89

2

D3/2

Ac

Dubnium

58

Seaborgium

1

Ce

G°4

4

I°9/2

Pr

Hassium

Bohrium

60

5

I4

Nd

Praseodymium Neodymium

Cerium 140.116 [Xe]4f5d6s 5.5386

90

59

140.90766 2

3

F2

Th

3

[Xe]4f 6s 5.473

91

2

4

K11/2

Pa

144.242 4

2

[Xe]4f 6s 5.5250

5

92

Hs

L°6

U

61

Platinum

Iridium

Osmium

Radium

Bh

Pt

Ir

Os

(223)

Db

6

H°5/2

110

Mt

Meitnerium (278)

62

7

Pm Sm Promethium (145) 5

[Xe]4f 6s 5.582

93

F0

Samarium

2

79

S1/2

1

80

S0

Hg

6

L11/2

Np

6

2

[Xe]4f 6s 5.6437

94

7

F0

Au

Mercury

Gold

Ds

Rg

(281)

(282)

112

2

P °1/2

In

63

8

S°7/2

Eu

Europium 7

2

[Xe]4f 6s 5.6704

95

8

S7/2 °

64

(285)

9

D°2

65

6

H°15/2

Tb

Gd

Gadolinium

Terbium

157.25

158.92535

7

[Xe]4f 5d6s 6.1498

96

2

9

D°2

9

[Xe]4f 6s 5.8638

97

2

6

H°15/2

Bk

Pu

Am

Cm Curium

Berkelium

(243) 7 2 [Rn]5f 7s 5.9738

(247) 7 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 5.9914

(247) 9 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.1978

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

(227) 2 [Rn]6d7s 5.3802

232.0377 2 2 [Rn]6d 7s 6.3067

231.03588 2 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 5.89

238.02891 3 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 6.1941

(237) 4 2 [Rn]5f 6d7s 6.2655

(244) 6 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.0258

Americium

*For the most accurate value, visit ciaaw.org.

81

2

As

Kr

Br

Krypton

Bromine

Selenium

Arsenic

50

3

Sn

P0

P 1/2 °

51

4

S °3/2

Sb

10

2

3

82

P0

10

2

[Kr]4d 5s 5p 8.6084

83

3

4

° S 3/2

Bi

Pb Lead

Bismuth

204.38* [Hg]6p 6.1083

207.2 2 [Hg]6p 7.4167

208.98040 3 [Hg]6p 7.2855

Thallium

114

Fl

Nihonium

Flerovium

(286)

(289)

66

5

Dy

I8

67

Mc

4

° I15/2

Dysprosium

Holmium

162.500

164.93033

10

[Xe]4f 6s 5.9391

98

2

5

I8

11

[Xe]4f 6s 6.0215

99

2

4

I15/2 °

10

3

84

68

3

H6

12

100

2

3

H6

P °3/2

P2

10

85

1

Xe

S0

Xenon

2

[Kr]4d 5s 5p 10.4513 2

54

5

P °3/2

131.293 10

2

[Kr]4d 5s 5p 12.1298 1

86

Polonium

Astatine

Rn

(209) 4 [Hg]6p 8.414

(210) 5 [Hg]6p 9.3175

(222) 6 [Hg]6p 10.7485

117

Lv

69

F°7/2

168.93422 13

[Xe]4f 6s 6.1843

101

Og

Tennessine (294)

2

2

2

F°7/2

Md

70

1

S0

Ytterbium 173.045 14

Oganesson (294)

Yb [Xe]4f 6s 6.2542

102

Radon

118

Ts

Tm

6

S0

At

Po

Thulium

Erbium 167.259 [Xe]4f 6s 6.1077

2

I

Iodine 4

(293)

Er

53

126.90447

2

[Kr]4d 5s 5p 9.0097

Moscovium Livermorium (289)

Ho

P2

116

115

Nh

3

Te 127.60

121.760 2

52

Tellurium

Antimony

118.710

Tl

113

Cn

Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium

151.964

150.36 2

Actinium

C. () indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.

49

Tin

111

Hf

Ge

Germanium

83.798 79.904* 78.971 74.921595 72.630 69.723 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6 [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p 13.9996 11.8138 9.7524 9.7886 7.8994 5.9993

[Kr]4d 5s 5p 7.3439

109

12

Silicon

Indium

10

[Kr]4d 5s 7.5762

107

Based upon

Aluminum

114.818 10 2 [Kr]4d 5s 5p 5.7864

10

[Kr]4d 8.3369

105

Ground-state Configuration

P0

Cadmium

8

[Kr]4d 5s 7.4589

104

Standard Atomic † Weight (Da)

3

Si

112.414 10 2 [Kr]4d 5s 8.9938

7

Ra

Name

14

Silver

[Kr]4d 5s 7.3605

Fr

1

P °1/2

107.8682

(98) 5 2 [Kr]4d 5s 7.1194

5

47

200.592 196.966569 14 10 2 14 10 [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s 10.4375 9.2256

58

2

Al

106.42

Technetium

95.95 5 [Kr]4d 5s 7.0924

4

S0

195.084 192.217 14 7 2 14 9 [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s 8.9588 8.9670

Symbol

Fluorine 18.99840316* 2 2 5 1s 2s 2p 17.4228

Palladium

Molybdenum

92.90637 4 [Kr]4d 5s 6.7589

3

1

190.23 186.207 14 6 2 14 5 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s 8.4382 7.8335

Atomic Number

F

Oxygen

Rhodium

Niobium

91.224 2

46

180.94788 183.84 14 3 2 14 4 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s 7.5496 7.8640

[Rn]7s 4.0727

9

15.999* 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p 13.6181

102.90550

Zirconium 2

F9/2

Hafnium

Francium

P2

O

Nitrogen

101.07

Ru

178.49 14 2 2 [Xe]4f 5d 6s 6.8251

88

8

P°3/2

14.007* 2 2 3 1s 2s 2p 14.5341

Ruthenium

Tc

Barium

S1/2

S °3/2

N

2

1s 24.5874

2

Carbon

Gallium

137.327 2 [Xe]6s 5.2117

2

7

3

12.011* 2 2 2 1s 2s 2p 11.2603

Ga

Zinc

Copper

132.9054520* [Xe]6s 3.8939

87

4

Boron

Pd

Mo

[Kr]4d 5s 6.6339

4

Nickel

Ba

Cesium

C

Rh

Nb

72

S0

2

3

V

Cs

6

6

P0

4.002602

17 VIIA

39.948 35.45* 32.06* 28.085* 30.97376199* 26.9815385 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB 15.7596 12.9676 10.3600 10.4867 8.1517 5.9858 21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3 F4 29 2 S1/2 30 1S 0 31 2P °1/2 32 3P 0 33 4 S °3/2 34 3 P 2 35 2 P°3/2 36 1 S0

Calcium

1

3

16 VIA

10.81* 2 2 1s 2s 2p 8.2980

13

39.0983 [Ar]4s 4.3407 2

P °1/2

B

Ca

Potassium

15 VA

14 IVA

2

5 Solids Liquids Gases Artificially Prepared

K

[Kr]5s 4.1771

†

S0

Sodium

85.4678

7

1

22.98976928

2

proton mass fine-structure constant Rydberg constant

Lanthanides

Period

S1/2

Mg

37 5

12

2

Na 19

4

S0

Be

Li

2

1

4

2

299 792 458 m s −34 6.626 070 x 10 J s −19 1.602 177 x 10 C −31 9.109 384 x 10 kg 0.510 999 MeV −27 1.672 622 x 10 kg 1/137.035 999 −1 10 973 731.569 m 15 3.289 841 960 x 10 Hz 13.605 693 eV -19 1.602 176 6 x 10 J −23 −1 1.380 65 x 10 J K −1 −1 8.314 5 J mol K

the most accurate values of these and other constants, visit pml.nist.gov/constants

He

§ For

−1

c h e me 2 mec mp

speed of light in vacuum Planck constant elementary charge electron mass

2 IIA

18 VIIIA 1 S0 2

Physical Measurement Laboratory www.pml.nist.gov Standard Reference Data www.nist.gov/srd

1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs

H

Actinides

1

T A B L E

Atomic Properties of the Elements

2

1

S0

No

71

2

D3/2

Lu

Lutetium 174.9668 14

[Xe]4f 5d6s 5.4259

103

2

2

P °1/2

Californium

Es

Einsteinium

Fm

Fermium

Mendelevium

Nobelium

Lawrencium

(251) 10 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.2817

(252) 11 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.3676

(257) 12 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.50

(258) 13 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.58

(259) 14 2 [Rn]5f 7s 6.65

(266) 14 2 [Rn]5f 7s 7p 4.96

Cf

Lr

For a description of the data, visit pml.nist.gov/data NIST SP 966 (January 2017)

NISTory of the Periodic Table Sodium: NIST scientists used lasers to cool a gas of these atoms to lower-thanpredicted temperatures near absolute zero. (Nobel Prize 1997)

Cesium: The frequency of microwave radiation from this atom used to define the seco measured in atomic clo such as the NIST-F2 (20

Krypton:

1960

1967

Rubidium:

1988

The atoms that created the first Bose-Einstein condensate, made by researchers at JILA (NIST-University of Colorado). (Nobel Prize 2001)

Potassium and Rubidium:

1995

2008

JILA researchers married these elements into an ultracold gas of molecules and demonstrated striking predictions of quantum sics by hitting the atoms “rulers of light” known equency combs bel Prize 2005) and ping them in webs of t known as optical lattices.

Wavelengths of light this atom, measured researchers, defined t met

1931 De This rare heavy isotope of hydrogen was concentrated at NIST and then identified by Columbia University's Harold Urey (Nobel Prize 1934). On the left is a deuterium lamp; the light on the right comes from the NIST SURF III Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility.

www

2010 /2011 Beryllium and Aluminum: Individual ions of these atoms were probed in a NIST trap to create "quantum logic" clocks that measured the second more precisely than before and tested Einstein's general theory of relativity. Such quantum manipulations were recognized in the 2012 Nobel Prize....