UNV 104 first draft- Megan Hook PDF

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1 Megan Hook UNV104 08/28/2020 Remilyn Mueller Negative Effects of Bullying on Children My experience working at a psychiatric/behavioral hospital has provided me with first hand familiarity with the impacts of bullying in children. I work with children with behavioral and psychiatric problems. Most of the problems I see are results from bullying. I see first hand the impacts bullying has on children. Children develop mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety that can and often does, lead to suicidal ideation and behaviors. When children are bullied, they can be negatively impacted by suicide, mental illnesses and long term ramifications. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth. Bullying, whether the victim or perpetrator, has lasting effects well into adulthood. Evidence shows bullying increases the risk for mental illnesses such as anxiety, and depression. Evidence proves the effects of childhood bullying leads to chronic mental illnesses. Effects of bullying leads to continuous problems even years after the intimidation. Researchers found that victims of bullying in childhood were 4.3 times more likely to have an anxiety disorder as adults, compared to those with no history of bullying or being bullied. Bullies who were also victims were particularly troubled: they were 14.5 times more likely to develop panic disorder as adults, compared to those who did not experience bullying, and 4.8 times more likely to experience depression.(Louis 2013). Mental illnesses extend into adulthood, and is a huge cause of death by suicide. Bullying and cyberbullying have major impacts on the mental health of children.

2 Students who experienced either school-based or cyberbullying were significantly more likely to report suicidal thoughts states Hinduja, Sameer; Patchin, Justin W. Bullying victims were 1.7 times more likely and offenders were 2.1 times more likely to have attempted suicide than those not involved in bullying. Similarly, cyberbullying victims were 1.9 times more likely and offenders were 1.5 times more likely to have attempted suicide than those not involved in cyberbullying (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010). Ultimately, bullying can have severe consequences. Other consequences include social problems, problems with school such as grades, and family problems. Bullying in children makes a lasting impression, extending well into adulthood. Consequences can range from aggression, mental illnesses and suicidal behaviors and ideation. Peer aggression is defined typically as intentional negative or aggressive behavior directed at another peer. This behavior may be physical, relational (social), or verbal in nature states Leff, S. S., & Waasdorp, T. E. (2013). Bullying is repeated intimidation between a perpetrator and victim. AGgression and bullying go hand in hand, however are not considered interchangeable. This behavior can be physical such as being bigger than the victim, or social such as populatority. All bullying behavior is aggression, but not all aggression meets the definition of bullying. Victims of bullying have internal impacts including high levels of depression and suicidal ideation/behavior. Victims are often made to believe they are inferior to the perpetrator, and others. These feelings and internal impacts include but are not limited to PTSD, anxiety and depression. These mental illnesses leave a lasting impact well into adulthood. We must not forget, bullying can lead to other issues such as legal troubles as well as long term psychiatric problems. Bullying plays a huge role in mental illnesses within children, lasting well into adulthood.

3 Words, intimidation, and aggressive behaviors can have lasting negative impacts on children throughout the rest of their lives. Children develop various mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and addiction. Bullying is an interpersonal event and there are many salient aspects of children’s development that may make repeated bullying experiences especially harmful (Thormod Idsoe & Atle Dyregrov & Ella Cosmovici Idsoe, 2012). Studies show children who experienced bullying either as a victim, perpetrator or bystander, experience signs of mental illnesses. Bullying victimization during childhood or adolescence is a risk factor of poor physical health, mental health disorders, deliberate self-harm, and suicidal symptoms. The stigma arond mental health disorders evokes intense feelings of embarrassment, worthlessness, and self-blame influencing one's self-esteem. Decreased self-esteem, associated with self-stigma, has been associated with both deliberate self-harm and depressive symptoms (Karanikola, Maria N. K.; Lyberg, Anne; Holm, Anne-Lise; Severinsson, Elisabeth, 2018). Furthermore, bullying increases the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior. Studies show children who are bullied are at a greater risk for substance abuse leading to addiction. Self esteem plays a big role in this. Bullying can negatively impact children causing mental health problems which may lead to acting out and falling behind in class. After working with children that have mental health issues, I know that this is a serious problem. When children are bullied, they can be negatively impacted in various ways. Suicidal ideation and behavior, mental illnesses and long term ramifications are some effects of bullying. These effects can and do impact children well into adulthood. Victims and perpetrators often suffer from a variety of problems. These problems can have psychological effects and could lead to suicide. Aggression and mental illness can start at a young age. Depression and anxiety can lead to low self esteem. Children with low self esteem are more likely to have self harm and

4 suicidal ideation. Mental illnesses impact interpersonal relationships within children and adolescents.

References Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2019). Connecting Adolescent Suicide to the Severity of

5 Bullying and Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 18(3), 333–346. https://doiorg.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1492417

Leff, S. S., & Waasdorp, T. E. (2013). Effect of Aggression and Bullying on Children and Adolescents: Implications for Prevention and Intervention. Current Psychiatry Reports, 3, 1. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11920-012-0343-2

Bullying, Depression, and Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Primary Care Sample Tamar Kodish1, Joanna Herres1, Annie Shearer1, Tita Atte1, Joel Fein2, and Guy Diamond1

Idsoe, T., Dyregrov, A., & Idsoe, E. C. (2012). Bullying and PTSD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(6), 901–911. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s10802-012-96200

KARANIKOLA, M. N. K. et al. The Association between Deliberate Self-Harm and School Bullying Victimization and the Mediating Effect of Depressive Symptoms and Self-Stigma: A Systematic Review. BioMed Research International, [s. l.], p. 1–36, 2018. DOI 10.1155/2018/4745791. Disponível em: https://search-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx? direct=true&db=ccm&AN=132295727&site=eds-live&scope=site. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2020.

Slava Dantchev, Matthew Hickman, Jon Heron, Stanley Zammit, & Dieter Wolke. (2019). The Independent and Cumulative Effects of Sibling and Peer Bullying in Childhood on Depression, Anxiety, Suicidal Ideation, and Self-Harm in Adulthood. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10.

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KARAN. l.], p. 1–36, 2018. DOI 10.1155/2018/4745791. Disponível em: ebscohostcom.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=132295727&site=edslive&scope=site. Acesso em: 23 ago. 2020...