Was ist ERM? Was ist empirical evidence? PDF

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Empirisch 

Auf Erfahrung beruhend, durch Beobachtung

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In scientific use, the term empirical refers to the gathering of data using only evidence that is observable by the senses or in some cases using calibrated scientific instruments.

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Empirical evidence 

Auf Erfahrung berhuender Nachweis/Beweis

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The record of one's direct observations or experiences

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Empirical evidence is the information received by means of the senses, particularly by observation and documentation of patterns and behavior through experimentation

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Empirical research 

Empirical research is research using empirical evidence

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It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience

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Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively

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Quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data)

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Usually, a researcher has a certain theory regarding the topic under investigation

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Based on this theory, statements or hypotheses will be proposed (e.g., "Listening to vocal voice has a negative effect on learning a word list.")

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From these hypotheses, predictions about specific events are derived (e.g., "People who study a word list while listening to vocal music will remember fewer words on a later memory test than people who study a word list in silence.")

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These predictions can then be tested with a suitable experiment

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Depending on the outcomes of the experiment, the theory on which the hypotheses and predictions were based will be supported or not

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Empirical research is defined as any research where conclusions of the study is strictly drawn from concretely empirical evidence

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This empirical evidence can be gathered using quantitative market research and qualitative market research methods

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In today’s world, the word empirical refers to collection of data using evidence that is collected through observation or experience or by using calibrated scientific instruments

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Empirical research can be conducted (durchführen) and analysed using qualitative or quantitative methods

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Quantitative research: Quantitative research methods are used to gather information through numerical data. It is used to quantify opinions, behaviors or other defined variables. These are predetermined and are in a more structured format. Some of the commonly used methods are survey, longitudinal studies, polls, etc

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Qualitative research: Qualitative research methods are used to gather non numerical data. It is used to find meanings, opinions, or the underlying reasons from its subjects. These methods are unstructured or semi structured. The sample size for such a research is usually small and it is a conversational type of method to provide more insight or in-depth information about the problem Some of the most popular forms of methods are focus groups, experiments, interviews, etc....