4 - Apuntes 4 PDF

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Apuntes 4...

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Combinatory and segregatory coordination of noun phrases Phrases linked by and may express COMBINATORY or SEGREGATORY meaning. When the coordination is segregatory, we can paraphrase it by clause coordination. John and Mary know the answer [=John knows the answer and Mary knows the answer] When it is combinatory we cannot do so: John and Mary make a pleasant couple [ *John makes a pleasant couple and Mary makes a pleasant couple] Many conjoint noun phrases are in fact ambiguous between the two interpretations: John and Mary won a prize This may mean that each won a prize or that the prize was awarded to them jointly. Further examples of combinatory meaning: John and Mary played as partners against Susan and Bill Peter and Bob separated (from each other) Paula and her brother look alike Mary and Susan are colleagues (of each other) Indicators of segregatory meaning Certain markers explicitly indicate that the coordination is segregatory: both (…and) each

neither…nor respective [formal]

respectively [formal] apiece [rather rare]

John and Mary have each won a prize John and Mary have won a prize each Both John and Mary have won a prize John and Mary have both won a prize The adjective respective premodifies a plural noun phrase to indicate segregatory interpretation. For example, Jill and Ben visited their respective uncles can only mean that Jill visited her uncle or uncles and that Ben visited his uncle or uncles, whereas Jill and Ben visited their uncles is ambiguous. The adverb respectively indicates which constituents go with which in the two parallel sets of conjoint phrases: John, Peter and Robert play football, basketball, and baseball respectively. [=John plays football, Peter plays basketball, and Robert plays baseball] Thomas Arnold and his son Matthew were respectively the greatest educator and the greatest critic of the Victorian age. [=Thomas Arnold was the greatest educator of the Victorian age and his son Matthew was the greatest critic of the Victorian age]...