Aristotele Galileo Newton PDF

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ARISTOTLE, GALILEO AND NEWTON AND NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

384 BC – 322 BC Ancient Greece

One of the first to try to explain the natural world Geocentric view of the universe Ideas based on observations that seemed to be true

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1564 – 1642 Italy

Perhaps the first true scientist. Rolled and dropped objects to discover the true aspects of motion

1642-1727 England

Developed laws for motion and gravity that explain why objects move, and worked with optics

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3.1 Aristotle on Motion Natural motion on Earth was thought to be either straight up or straight down. • Objects seek their natural resting places: boulders on the ground and smoke high in the air like the clouds. • Heavy things fall and very light things rise. • Circular motion was natural for the heavens. • These motions were considered natural–not caused by forces.

MOTO DEI PROIETTI Prima di Galileo: …“teoria dell’impeto”

..la teoria pregalileiana non spiega la forma della traiettoria..

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3.3 Galileo on Motion One of Galileo’s great contributions to physics was demolishing the notion that a force is necessary to keep an object moving.  In other words, no push or pull would be required to keep it moving once it is set in motion.\  Galileo also stated that this tendency of a moving body to keep moving is natural and that every material object resists changes to its state of motion.  The property of a body to resist changes to its state of motion is called inertia.

Newton’s Laws of Motion are part of his theory of motion Universally applied Can be used to predict motion Synthesizes previous testing and findings Attempts to explain why

3.1 Il moto secondo Aristotele 1. I corpi non si muovono se non viene applicata loro una forza. 2. Gli oggetti in moto richiedono sempre l’applicazione di una forza per continuare a muoversi. 3. I corpi tendono a essere nel loro stato naturale, che è la quiete. 4. L’equilibrio meccanico può essere tipo statico.

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3.1 Il moto secondo Galileo e Newt 1. I corspi non cambiano il loro stato di moto senza l’azione delle forze. 2. Un corpo già in moto non richiede necessariamente l’applicazione di una forza per continuare a muoversi. 3. I corpi hanno due stati di moto “naturali”: la quiete (equilibrio statico) e il moto con velocità di modulo costante e direzione fissa (equilibrio dinamico).

In termini semplici: le cose tendon a continuare a fare quello che stanno già facendo!!

3.4 Newton’s Law of Inertia Is a force required to keep an object moving? Newton’s first law, usually called the law of inertia, is a restatement of Galileo’s idea that a force is not needed to keep an object moving.  Galileo argued that only when friction is present is a force needed to keep an object moving.  Galileo stated that if friction were entirely absent, a ball moving horizontally would move forever at the same speed and in the same direction (at a constant velocity).

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3.4 Newton’s Law of Inertia The law of inertia provides a completely different way of viewing motion from the ancients. • Objects continue to move by themselves. • Forces are needed to overcome any friction that may be present and to set objects in motion initially. • Once the object is moving in a force-free environment, it will move in a straight line indefinitely.

IN A PARAGRAPH, REFLECT ON THE MEANING OF THIS CARTOON

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