Fall2019-ASTR 110IN-Lecture 20 PDF

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Intro to Astronomy ASTR110IN-002 11/19/19 Dr. Willoughby, Barnard Hall 224 406-994-1673 [email protected]

Class Notes: Earth: typical terrestrial planet Terrestrial planets: ● Atmosphere ● Few moons ● Differentiated ○ Core/crust ○ Geological activity? Differentiation: ● Inner core ● Core –– metals ● Mantle –– silicates, oxides ● Crust –– granite, basalt, quartz Geological activity is driven by internal heat More Hawaiian islands are being built right now! The crust is made of plates –– these plates move! Hawaii: ● Oldest islands west most ● Pacific Plate moving northwest ○ Islands formed over a hotspot under the plate and as the plate moves over it the last and most recently formed island is the east most island

Plates: ● Pull apart ● Jam under one another ○ Caused 2004 tsunami, Indian Ocean ● Slide parallel to each other ○ San Andreas Fault Earth’s crust is 10-20 mi thick ● We have not drilled through it ● Kola superdeep borehole The atmosphere –– protects us like a blanket! ● Filters radiation ● Sculpts the surface ● Traps heat Evidence for climate change: ● Retreat of glaciers (worldwide) ● Severe drought (worldwide) ● Increased surface temperature ● Rising of sea levels ● Consensus in peer reviewed journal articles...