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THE HISTORY OF YIN & YANG Thet heor yexpl ai ni ngt heseconcept si sv er yol dandwefindi ti nt he " BookofChanges"dat i ngbackt o700BCwher et heyi ni sr epr esent ed byabr oken l i ne,whi l et heyangi sacont i nuousone.Theconceptof Yi n andYangbecamepopul arwi t ht hewor koft heChi neseschoolof Yi n Yangwhi ch s t udi edphi l os ophyandc osmol ogyi nt he3r dcent ur y BC.The pr i nci palexponentoft he t heor y was t he cos mol ogi s tZou Yan ( orTsou Yen)who be l i ev ed t hatl i f ewentt hr ough fivephasesfir e ,wat er ,me t al ,wood,ear t h - whi c h cont i nuous l yi nt e r c hanged accor di ngt ot hepr i nci pl eofYi nandYang.

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THE MAIN ASPECTS OF YIN & YANG Fundament alas pec t st hatr egul at et heYi nandt heYang:

TYAND OPPOSI TI ON  COMPLEMENTARI I tmeanst hatt her ear et woas pec t st hatmani f es tt hemse l v esi nt he opposi t ewaybutt hatat t r ac teac hot her .

 RELATI VI TY Not hi ng i s Yi ni n an absol ut e sense and not hi ng i s Yang i n an abs ol ut e sense ,but onl yi nr e l at i on t o some t hi ng t o whi c hi ti s compar ed. Man i s Yang compar ed t ot he woman; but t he ol d man i s Yi n compar ed t ot heyoung man,j us tl i kea y oungwoman wi l lbe yang compar edt oane l der l ywoman,so  ev er yphenomenon i sde fined asYi n orYangonl yi nr e l at i on t o anot hert hati sopposedt oi t ;  ev er yphenomenon cal l ed Yi n orYangcan bedi vi de di nt oaYi n oryangcomponent .

 TRANSFORMATI ON The Yi n and t he Yang i nt er pene t r at e and gener at e eac h ot her cont i nuous l y ,i nanendl esspr oc essofc ont i nuoust r ansf or mat i onand c hange .Themaxi mum oft heYi nwi l li nevi t abl ypr oduc et heYangand t hemaxi mum oft heYangwi l li ne vi t abl ypr oduc et heYi n. Ther ei st her e f or eapassageof  c hangei nquant i t y( t hegr owi ngYang)  c hangei nqual i t y( t heyangt hatbecomesYi n) Fr om t hemomentwear econcei v ed,unt i lt hel astbr e at hwear ei n dual i t y ,i nt heal t er nat i onoft heYi nandYangas pect s.I nl i f ewe exper i encef ee l i ngsofpai norj oy ,ofs t r engt horweakness ,ofhat r e d 2

andl ove ,e t c . ,soourl i f econt ai nsopposi t easpec t sofexper i ences. Thi scont i nuousosci l l at i onf r om onephaset ot heot her ,wi t houta l ast i ngas pec t ,gener at e si nmansuffer i ngandt hedesi r et or e t ur nt o t heuni t yoft heTAO.

DIAGRAM OF ULTIMATE REALITY ‘’Your life is the harmony in which Yin and Yang merge ‘’ _Chuang-tzu Att hebegi nni ngt hi shar monywasi n ast at ecal l ed Wu Chi ,awor d t hatl i t er al l ymeans" absenc eofdi ffer ent i at i on" ," absenc eofpol e s" .At a cer t ai n moment t wo " pol ar i t i es" ofdi ffer e nt si gn f or med.The f or mat i on oft he Yi nYang pol ar i t yi s consi der ed by t he Chi nese phi l osopher st o be t he basi s oft he uni v er se.I ndeed,Yi n and Yang r epr e sentt r ueembl emsoft hef undament aldual i t yexi st i ngi n ev er y par toft hecosmos .

Yang:t he posi t i v e pr i nci pl e ,mascul i ne ,r epr esent e d by t he whi t e col our ;

Yi n:t he negat i v e pr i nci pl e ,f emi ni ne, r epr esent ed by t he bl ack col our . The uni on ofYi n wi t h Yang has been gr aphi cal l yr epr e sent ed i n var i ouswayscal l ed T' aiChiTu ( l e t t er s ,dr awi ngs,r epr e sent at i onsof t hesupr emepol ar i t y) ,butt hemos tpopul arde si gn i st hati n whi c h t hebl ac kpar tr epr e sent sYi n,t hewhi t epar tYang.

‘ ’ Yi ni st he c ont empl at i ve qui etoft he wi se ,Yang t he st r ong c r eat i veac t i vi t yoft heki ng. ’ ’ The dynami cc har act er of Yi n and Yang i s i l l us t r at ed byt heanci entChi neses ymbolcal l ed T' ai c hiT' u or" Di agr am ofUl t i mat eRe al i t y" .Thi s di agr am pr ovi de sas ymme t r i calar r angementof t hedar k Yi n and t hel umi nousYang.Symme t r y i s notst at i c .I ti sa r ot at i onals ymme t r yt hat cal l st omi ndacyc l i candcont i nuousmov ement . Thet wopoi nt si nt hedi agr am r e pr esentt hei dea 3

t hats ome t i mes one oft he t wo f or ces r eache si t s maxi mum,buti t al r eadycont ai nsi ni t se l ft heseedofi t sopposi t e . I ti si mpor t antt oemphasi z et hatYi nandYangdonothav eanyGoodBad mor almeani ngand t hatt heyar enotconsi der ed ascont r as t i ng e l ement s ,butr at herascompl ement ar yandi nsepar abl e . We must t her e f or e see k har mony be t ween t he m and av oi d any unbal ancedsi t uat i on. Al ldi s t i nc t i onsar eal sor e l at i ve:whatmaybeYi ni nr e l at i on t oone t hi ng can si mul t aneousl y be al so Yang i n r e l at i on t o anot her . Obser vi ngt heT' aiChiT' uwenot efir s tt hatt hehar monybe t weent he opposi t e si s symbol i z ed by t he equal i t y of t he whi t e and bl ac k sur f aces.Weal sonot et hatt hepar t i cul ar‘ ’ S’ ’subdi vi si onbe t weent he t woar e ascaus est heper i me t e r sofYi n and Yangt obeequalt ot he per i me t eroft heent i r eci r c umf er ence.Thebl ac k and whi t epoi nt si n t hel i ghtanddar k ar easi ndi cat et hatYi n andYangar enotabsol ut e , butt hatt her ei sal wayssomeYi ni nYang.

The T' aiChiT' u shoul d be t hought of i n per pe t ual r ot at i on, and i t s ci r c ul ar s hape symbol i z est hecont i nuouse vol ut i on and t he cyc l i ci t y ofnat ur e .I nf ac t ,i ft her e wer ea per pe t ualabsenc eofmov ement ,Yi nandYang coul d notdi ffer ent i at e and ev er yt hi ng woul d r emai n i n t he s t at e of i ni t i al i mmobi l i t y wi t hout any di ffer ent i at i on. I n t hi s r epr e sent at i on we al so not et hat t he whi t e par ti sont her i ght ,t hebl ac kont hel ef t ,t hi s symbol i z i ngt hesun r i si ngf r om t heEas tand i l l umi nat i ngt heear t h.

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YIN AND YANG PROJECTED IN TAOISM "The Tao produces the One, the One produces the Two, the Two produces the Three, the Three produces all beings" _Tao Te Jing of Lao Tsu Taoi sm hasdi s t i ngui shed t hedar k per i od be f or et hecr eat i on oft he uni v er se ( t he TAO = t he Way)f r om t he pr esence oft he uni v er se t hankst ot wosi mpl ewor ds:" One"and " Two" ." One"meansuni que ener gy .Onemeansi ner t i a. Onemeansanonpr oduc t i v es t at e." Two"meanst woener ge t i caspec t s of ever yt hi ng, of ev er y be i ng. ‘ ’ Two’ ’means t her e f or e mov ement , mut at i on,l i f e,c r eat i on,pr oduc t i on.Af t ert hatmomentt hatt heWes t cal l s" Bi gBang" ,t woopposi ngener gi esappeart hatwi l lcont r oleac h ot hert omai nt ai n har mony ,bal anc e,andt hei rmov ementwi l lmat t er , andi twi l lgi v el i f et obe i ngs .So,t he sear et woas pe c t soft hesamel i f e ener gy .TheChi nesecal lt hem Yi n and Yang.Thefir s tbei ngi sj us t whatTao Te Ji ng cal l ed t he ‘ ’ Thr e e’ ’ .The " Thr ee"i s pr eci se l y the existence, the being, created by the combination of these two sides of energy, the Yin and the Yang.

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THE YIN & YANG IDEOGRAM  Thewor dYI Ni nar c hai cChi nesewr i t i ngi sdi vi dedi nt ot wor oot s:  t hel ef tr ootr epr e sent sawal l ;  whi l ei nt her i ghtr oott heupperpar tr e pr esent sar oof ,andt he l oweroner epr e sent st hec l ouds . Thear c hai cChi nesewr i t i ngoft hewor dYI N Thec l as si c alChi nesewr i t i ngoft hewor dYI N YI N,accor di ngt ot her e pr esent at i onoft hei deogr am t henmeans t hehi dde nandshadowypar t ,t hedar kness ,i ner t i a,sadness,t he ni ght .I t ’ si nt hi ssenset hatt hewor dYi ni nt oday' ssi mpl i fied Chi nesewr i t i ngi swr i t t enwi t ht her i ghtr ootr e pr esent edbyt he wor dmoon( ni ght ,dar kness) .  Thewor dYANG i nar c hai cChi ne sewr i t i ngi sdi vi de di nt ot wo r oot s:  t hel e f tr oot ,r epr e sent sawal l ;  whi l et her i ghtr ootr epr e sent sasunabov et hehor i z ont hat sendsi t sr aysdownwar ds .

Thear c hai cChi ne sewr i t i ngoft hewor dYANG Thec l as si c alChi nesewr i t i ngoft hewor dYANG

Si mpl i fiedChi nesewr i t i ngoft hewor dYANG Yang,accor di ngt ot her epr e sent at i onoft hei de ogr am t henmeans t heope nandsunnypar t ,c l ar i t y ,mov ement ,j oy ,t heday . 6

I nsi mpl i fiedChi nesewr i t i ng,t hewhol er i ghtr ooti sr e pl acedbyt he wor dsun( c l ar i t y ,day) .

YIN & YANG, SYMBOL OF MARTIAL ARTS The gr aphi cr epr e sent at i on oft he T' aiChihas al so become t he symbolofmar t i alar t si n gener aland oft he T' aiChiCh' üan i n par t i cul ar .Al lKungFu mov ement sar eci r c ul arl i ket hel i ne si nt he di agr am.Dur i ngt heexecut i onoft het e chni que sandi nt hecour seof afightt her ei sac ont i nuousal t e r nat i onofYi nandYangt hatwemus t l ear nt obeawar eoft hem.Fore xampl e,t hef or war df ooti smor eYang, t he bac k one i smor eYi n,butwhen wes t ep f or war dt hef ootmor e Yangbecomesmor eYi n and vi cev er sa.Thef oott hatbear smos tof t hewei ghtoft hebody i smor eYang,t heot heronei smor eYi n;as soon as t he wei ghtmov es f r om one f oott ot he ot herone t he mor e Yangt endst obemor eYi nandt hemor eYi nmor eYang.Whenwear e cont r act e d,wear emor eYang,when wer e l ax webe comemor eYi n. Thevi si bl epar t sofourbodyar emor eYang,t hoseonet hatar enot seenar emor eYi n. Forexampl e ,dur i ngafight ,t heopponentseesmyr i ghtfis t( whi chi s mor eYangbecausevi si bl e)andgi v esi tt ome,buthedoe snotseemy l ef tfis t( pl usYi n)s t r i ki nghi m.Butassoon ast hel e f tfis tc omest o si gn,i tbecomesmor eYang,whi l et her i ghtfis t ,pl usYang,becomes mor eYi n.

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