Quantization energy lab report er g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g]\\ PDF

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Quantization of Energy Lab Report Instructions: For this investigative phenomenon, you will need to determine the composition of the new star using a spectrometer. This will help scientists determine the star's approximate age. You will complete Part I and Part II trials of the experiment. Record your observations and test measurements in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report.

Title: Quantization of Energy, Alex Hall, 10/13/21 Objective(s): -determine the composition and age of stars and unknown elements Hypothesis: I predict that if you can identify an unknown element and composition of stars by using the color it produces when tested. Procedure: Access the virtual lab and complete Part I and Part II trials of the experiment. Because this lab is virtual, summarize the steps in which data were collected for the samples. In addition, list and explain your controlled variables, independent variable, and dependent variable for this lab. Materials: Quantization of Energy Virtual Lab Variables: Remember, controlled variables are factors that remain the same throughout the experiment. An independent (test) variable changes so that the experimenter can see the effect on other variables. The dependent (outcome) variable will change in response to the test variable. Controlled variables: platinum wire, test tubes, HCI, prism used, flame used Independent variable: the elements Dependent variable: color emitted by the elements, wavelengths shown on spectrum Summary of Steps: Part 1: Flame Tests Steps: 1. Clean the platinum wire by dipping it into the test tube of HCI, and then heating the wire in the hottest part of the flame until no color shows 2. Dip the platinum wire into the test tube containing the element. 3. Heat the wire in the hottest part of the flame until a color is displayed.

4. Record the color. 5. Repeat for all other elements. Part 2: 1. Put element on the light source. 2. Analyze the results using the spectrum. 3. Record the different colors and wavelengths shown on the spectrum. 4. Repeat for all of the elements. Data: Type the results of your tests in the data table below. The saved results of your measurements can also be found by selecting the data table button within the virtual lab. Don't forget to record measurements with accuracy, precision, and appropriate significant figures. Part I: Flame Tests Solution

Element Name

Color Description

Known One

Barium

Red

Known Two

Calcium

Green

Known Three

Sodium

Yellow

Known Four

Rubidum

Purrple

Known Five

Potassium

Blue

Known Six

Lithium

Pink

Unknown One

Lithium

Pink

Unknown Two

Potassium

Blue

Part II: Spectrometry Known Elements Spectrum Line

Hydrogen

Helium

Sodium

Neon

Mercury

1

Purple 410 nm

Blue 445

Yellow 575

Purple

Blue 440 nm

nm

nm

420 nm

Green 510 nm

Yellow 585 nm

Green 510 nm

2

Blue 440 nm

Blue 450 nm

3

Green 510 nm

Yellow 585 nm

4

Green 535 nm

5

Yellow 585 nm

Green 520 nm

Green 530 nm

Red 690 nm

Green 525 nm

Green 550 nm

Yellow 550 nm Red 730 nm

Yellow

Red 570 nm

575 nm 6

Yellow 575 nm

Yellow 580 nm

Red 675 nm

7

Red 660 nm

Red 700 nm

Red 690 nm

8

Red 680 nm

Red 710 nm

Red 710 nm

9

Red 700 nm

Red 720 nm

10

Red 745 nm

Star Composition Line in Star!Spectrum

Color

Wavelength

1

Purple

405

2

Purple

410

3

Purple

415

4

Blue

435

5

Blue

445

6

Green

500

7

Green

505

8

Green

550

9

Green

560

10

Yellow

585

11

Red

620

12

Red

625

13

Red

655

14

Red

685

15

Red

690

16

Red

695

17

Red

705

18

Red

715

19

Red

725

Conclusion Write a conclusion statement that addresses the following questions: •

Based on your data, which unknown elements make up this star?

The unknown elements are potassium and lithium. •

Do your data support or fails to support your hypothesis (include examples)?

My data supports my hypothesis because each element has specific colors and wavelengths that correspond to that element. Therefore, if you can use that to identify the element, you can use that info to determine the age of a star. For example, Lithium produces a red color when put to the fire test. •

How do you think the investigation can be explored further?

I believe we can explore this investigation further if we decided to test out different elements to get their specific colors and wavelengths. Post-Lab Reflection Questions Answer the reflection questions using what you have learned from the lesson and your experimental data. It will be helpful to refer to your chemistry journal notes. Answer questions in complete sentences. 1. In Parts I and II of the lab, what happened to the electrons of each element to produce the different colors of light? Explain your answers using important terms from the lesson and information provided in the laboratory. Because heat was added, the electrons absorbed the light, and therefore move into the excited state. Once the electron starts to fall back to a lower orbit, away from the nucleus, it emits light. The wavelength is the factor that determines the type of light (we view this through the prism).

2. Stars composed of heavier (more massive) elements are often slightly older than stars made predominantly from hydrogen and helium. Based on your data, is the newly discovered star a younger star? Explain your answer. The newly discovered star is heavier and therefore older, because it isn’t made up of the lighter hydrogen and helium, instead it is made up of lithium and potassium, which are heavier elements. Based on the data in the experiment and the ques>on, the star is an older star....