Sociology Day 3.docx - Google Docs PDF

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lecture Notes ● Sociological Investigation – a “scientific” approach ● Premises of Science ● Obstacles of applying science to the study of social groups/life ● Paradigms ● Theory and the relationship to research Sociological Investigation​: How we find out what's going on beyond or wi...

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Lecture Notes ● Sociological Investigation – a “scientific” approach ● Premises of Science ● Obstacles of applying science to the study of social grou ● Paradigms ● Theory and the relationship to research Sociological Investigation!: How we find out what's going on beyond o obvious. - The assumptions of science - The challenges of applying them to the study of the social world Common sense: - what we see we tend to accept as truths. - Based on a belief and a common agreement. - Many people have their own common-sense perspectives. - Common sense often tends to contradict itself (“opposites attract” v feather stick together”). - Sociologists try to figure out when common sense applies to the situ does not. Example: Romantic love is a culture specific common sense notion – no marry for love, they marry for status, money, etc. The Scientific Approach: - A way to know the world that goes beyond common sense - Process of attempting to take scientific principles and apply them to - Based on scientific principles - Most common in sociological investigations - Basis of scientific approach is that scientists have criteria they must accept the reality of something they haven’t personally experienced - A scientific understanding of a phenomena must have both logical a support (it must make sense and it must align with observations in t Premises of Science: - Empirical:! Tangible material, the world exists, it is real. Can be ver senses. - Logical and Rational:! The arrangement of facts and their interrelat accept rules of reason. Notions of Causality (when giving explanatio general assumption that one thing is causing another). 3 things that n

6. Sociological Research Continuum: Positivism --------------------------------------------------------Interpretive (Measurable studies)! ! (Subjective) 7. Obstacles of applying ‘science’ to the study of social life: - Ethics: Need to take steps to ensure we don’t cause harm to individu Stanford Prison Experiment - Costs - Limited range of control: Can’t always get the response you want fr - Subjectivity: What you see them doing or what you hear them sayin opposite of how they’re thinking/feeling - Research presences/interaction may affect those studied: People may behaviour if they know they’re being watched 8. Sociological studying: looking for social patterns. Social life isn’t as log physical world/sciences but we need to accept that there are certain regu patterns when it comes to social life (history shows this). We deal with t certain patterns and effects. 9. Mini Essay:! Due Nov 14th!! . 4-5 pages double spaced. C. Wright Mills – Imagination (looking at something and putting it into social context). Fi social categories or patterns (!race!, age, gender, !class!, !education!, etc.) th life. 10. Paradigm: A fundamental model or scheme that organizes our view of s to a general way of seeing the world which dictates which questions to a to use and what theories are acceptable. - Structural-Functional: Sees society as a system made up of intercon all work together to keep the whole stable. Example: How does relig society stable? - Social-Conflict: There are dominant powers that shape societies. Un power – a series of struggles between different groups. - Symbolic Interaction: A process of interactions between individuals 11. Theory: A systematic explanation for the observed facts and tendencies particular aspect of life. May be defined as a set of statements specifyin relationship between two or more phenomena. 12. Deductive Logic: Reasoning from the general to the particular. Start off you go into the social world and make concrete observations to see if th 13. Inductive Logic: Reasoning from the particular to the general. Go into t...