Chap006 - Prescotts 10th Ed. PDF

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Chapter 06Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious AgentsTrue / False Questions1. Viruses have typical cellular structure like other living organisms.FALSEASM Objective: 02 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast,...

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Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

Chapter 06 Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

True / False Questions 1. Viruses have typical cellular structure like other living organisms. FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Microbial World Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

2. Viruses in the extracellular state possess few, if any, active enzymes. TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-1 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

3. Which is not true of viruses? A. They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase. B. They infect animal and plant cells only. C. They can be observed with an electron microscope. D. They are acellular. E. They replicate only inside host cells.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses Section: 06.01 Topic: General Viral Properties Topic: Microbial World Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

4. Which of the following is true of viruses in the extracellular phase? A. They possess many different enzymes. B. They can reproduce independently of living cells but only at a slow rate. C. They behave as a macromolecular complex and are no more alive than are ribosomes. D. They possess many different enzymes and they can reproduce independently of living cells but only at a slow rate.

ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Viruses

6-2 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

5. A complete virus particle is called a A. capsid. B. nucleocapsid. C. virion. D. cell.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: General Viral Properties Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6. The nucleic acids carried by viruses usually consist of A. DNA. B. RNA. C. either DNA or RNA. D. both DNA and RNA simultaneously.

ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: General Viral Properties Topic: Microbial World Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-3 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

7. Which of the following is not true of viruses? A. Viruses are acellular. B. Viruses consist of one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein and sometimes in other more complex layers. C. Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular. D. Viruses replicate by binary fission.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 02.05 The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique structures and genomes. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions 8. Viruses infecting protists, including algae, have never been detected. FALSE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses Section: 06.01 Topic: Viruses

6-4 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

9. One way in which small viruses package more information into a very small genome is to use overlapping genes so that the same base sequence is read in more than one reading frame. TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

10. Almost all known plant viruses are RNA viruses. TRUE

ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.01.02 List organisms that are hosts to viruses Learning Outcome: 06.04.03 Differentiate among the types of viral infections of eukaryotic cells Section: 06.01 Section: 06.04 Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-5 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

11. Virus morphology does not include which of the following characteristics? A. Size

B. Shape C. Presence or absence of an envelope D. Host range

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: General Viral Properties Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

Fill in the Blank Questions 12. __________ are glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of the viral envelope. Peplomers

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-6 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

13. Icosahedral viruses are constructed from ring- or knob-shaped units called __________. capsomers

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

14. Viruses that are polyhedrons with 20 sides are said to have __________ symmetry. icosahedral

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

True / False Questions 15. The most common capsid morphologies are icosahedral and helical. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-7 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

16. The largest of the viruses are similar in size to some small bacteria and are large enough to be seen with a light microscope. TRUE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.01 State the size range of virions Section: 06.02 Topic: Viruses

17. The presence or absence of an envelope is not useful in classifying viruses because any given virus may at one time have an envelope and at another time not have an envelope. FALSE

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Classification Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

18. Viruses such as MS2 and Qß pack additional information into their genomes through the use of overlapping genes. TRUE

ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

Multiple Choice Questions

6-8 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

19. The simplest viruses consist of A. RNA only. B. Protein only. C. RNA or DNA in a protein coat. D. RNA or DNA in a protein coat covered with lipid envelope. E. RNA, DNA and enzymes in a protein coat with a lipid envelope.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

20. Viral capsid protein subunits are called A. auxomers. B. elastomers. C. protomers. D. viromers.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-9 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

21. In an enveloped virus, the part of the virus including the nucleic acid genome and the surrounding protein coat but not the envelope is called the A. capsid. B. nucleocapsid. C. matrix. D. virion.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

22. Some complex viruses have icosahedral symmetry in the head region and helical symmetry in the tail. Overall, these viruses are said to have __________ symmetry. A. bilateral B. binal C. complex D. none of these

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.04 Describe the types of capsid symmetry Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-10 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

23. Glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as A. toxins. B. factors that bind to host cells. C. cell lysis factors. D. factors needed for site specific recombination.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or detrimental ways. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.03.02 Discuss the role of receptors, capsid proteins, and envelope proteins in the life cycles of viruses Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

24. A __________ genome exists as several separate, nonidentical molecules that may be packaged together or separately. A. diploid B. segmented C. polyploid D. fractionated

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.02 Identify the parts of a virion and describe their function Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-11 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellular Infectious Agents

25. Many of the enzymes found in virus particles are A. required for viral attachment to host cells. B. involved in viral entry into host cells. C. involved in the replication of viral nucleic acid. D. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics. ASM Objective: 04.04 The synthesis of viral genetic material and proteins is dependent on host cells. ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.03.01 Describe the five steps common to the life cycles of all viruses Section: 06.03 Topic: Viral Replication Topic: Viruses

26. Which of the following is/are not true about viral envelopes? A. The envelope proteins are virus specific. B. The envelope lipids and carbohydrates are derived from the host. C. They are typical lipid monolayers with embedded viral proteins. D. The envelope proteins are virus specific and the envelope lipids and carbohydrates are derived from the host.

ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron). ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 06.02.03 Distinguish enveloped viruses from nonenveloped viruses Section: 06.02 Topic: Viral Structure Topic: Viruses

6-12 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Chapter 06 - Viruses and Other Acellul...